Mai samar da na'urar mayar da martani ga makamashin inverter yana tunatar da ku cewa yawan kuzarin wutar lantarki da ke tuka lodi ya kai sama da kashi 70% na yawan wutar lantarki. Don haka, tanadin makamashi na injin lantarki da nauyin da yake ɗauka yana da mahimmancin mahimmancin zamantakewa da fa'idodin tattalin arziki.
Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na injinan lantarki da lodin su don ceton kuzari: na daya shine inganta aikin injin ko lodi, kamar sanya na'urar daukar hoto mai "kwakwalwar ajiyar zuciya" - a cikin gini, lif da yawa kan gudu a hanya guda, wanda ke cin wuta mai yawa. Yadda za a yi lif masu wayo da kuzari? Ana iya cewa fasahar sarrafa zamani ta magance wannan matsala. "Artificial neurons" kamar sarrafa bayanai ne da bankunan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, suna yin rikodin ayyukan lif na kowane mako a matsayin lokaci. Bisa ga bayanan da aka yi rikodin, "Neuron Artificial" zai samar da yanayin aiki mafi dacewa da makamashi, sarrafa nau'i-nau'i masu yawa a cikin ginin, ya sa su sami rabe-rabe na aiki, isa wurin da ya dace a lokacin da ya dace, sauƙaƙe fasinjoji don hawa da kashewa, da kuma rage yawan lif na farawa da gudu. Ga masu hawan rukuni, tanadin makamashi zai iya kaiwa sama da 30%. Bugu da kari, matakan ceton makamashi da nufin inganta ingantacciyar aikin motar lantarki sun hada da kashe wutar lantarki ta atomatik lokacin da babu wanda ke hawa, tsayawa ta atomatik ko aiki mara sauri na escalators, da dai sauransu; Na biyu shi ne a mayar da makamashin injina da injin ya canza zuwa lodin zuwa makamashin lantarki sannan a mayar da shi zuwa ga wutar lantarki, ta yadda za a rage yawan wutar da injin din ke amfani da shi a cikin lokaci guda, ta yadda za a cimma burin ceton makamashi. Ra'ayin makamashi shine na'ura na yau da kullun don ceton wutar lantarki a rukuni na biyu.
Kamar yadda aka sani, injinan lantarki suna da makamashin motsa jiki lokacin da suke motsa lodi don juyawa. Idan injinan lantarki sun ja lodin da ke motsawa sama da ƙasa (kamar lif, cranes, kofofin tafki, da sauransu), suna da ƙarfin kuzari. Lokacin da motar lantarki ta motsa kaya don raguwa, makamashin motsa jiki na inji zai fito; Lokacin da yuwuwar nauyin makamashi ya ragu a cikin motsi (mai yuwuwar makamashi yana raguwa), makamashin injinsa shima za a sake shi. Idan waɗannan sassa biyu na makamashin inji za a iya canza su yadda ya kamata zuwa makamashin lantarki kuma a mayar da su zuwa grid na wutar lantarki, za a iya cimma burin kiyaye makamashi.
Binciken ceton makamashi na elevators
The elevator using frequency conversion speed regulation has the maximum mechanical kinetic energy after reaching the maximum operating speed. Before reaching the target floor, the elevator needs to gradually slow down until it stops moving. This process is the period when the elevator load releases mechanical kinetic energy. The frequency converter can convert the mechanical energy during this period into electrical energy through the electric motor and store it in the large capacitor of the DC link of the frequency converter. At this time, the large capacitor is like a small reservoir with limited storage capacity. If the water injected into the small reservoir is not discharged in a timely manner, overflow accidents may occur in the reservoir. Similarly, if the power in the capacitor is not discharged in a timely manner, overvoltage may also occur. At present, the method of amplifying capacitors in frequency converters is to use braking units or external high-power resistors, which waste the electricity in the large capacitors to the external high-power resistors. Inverters can return the stored electricity in large capacitors to the power grid without consumption, thus achieving the goal of energy saving and eliminating the need for high-power resistors that consume electricity and generate heat, greatly improving the operating environment of the system.
The elevator is still a potential load, and in order to evenly drag the load, the elevator load is composed of passenger cars and counterweight balance blocks. Only when the load capacity of the elevator car is about 50% (such as a 1000kg passenger elevator with about 7 passengers), the counterweight balance block of the elevator car is in a basic balance state of mass between the two sides. Otherwise, there will be a mass difference between the elevator car and the counterweight balance block, which will generate mechanical potential energy during elevator operation. When the heavy components of the elevator move up, the mechanical potential energy absorbed by the electric motor and converted from the power grid increases. When the heavy components of the elevator move down, the mechanical potential energy decreases, and the reduced mechanical potential energy is released and converted into electrical energy stored in the large capacitor of the DC link of the frequency converter through the electric motor. The energy feedback device then sends this part of the electrical energy back to the power grid.
Analysis, calculation, and prototype testing show that the faster the elevator speed, the higher the floor, and the lower the mechanical rotation consumption, the more energy can be returned to the power grid. The amount of electricity returned can reach about 50% of the total consumption of the elevator, which means the energy-saving efficiency is as high as about 50%.
The above analysis indicates that the use of energy feedback devices has a significant energy-saving effect in fast up and down moving equipment such as elevators and cranes. In addition, there is also a significant energy-saving effect in equipment such as electric locomotives and gantry planers that frequently start and brake.
Structure and basic control principles of energy-saving devices
The main circuit structure of the energy feedback device is shown in Figure 1, mainly composed of a three-phase IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) full bridge, series inductance, filtering capacitor, and some peripheral circuits.
Application of Energy Feedback Devices in Elevator Energy Conservation
Figure 1: PFE Energy Feedback Device Main Circuit Structure and Connection Method Diagram
Its output terminal is connected to the input terminals R, S, and T of the elevator frequency converter; There are two isolation diodes VD1 and VD2 connected in series at the input end, which are then connected to the PN line of the frequency converter. When the elevator generates electricity through regeneration, the bus voltage of the elevator frequency converter increases, and after passing through VD1 and VD2, the bus voltage of the feedback device also increases. When the bus voltage is higher than the set opening value, the feedback device starts working and feeds back electrical energy to the grid side.
The function of the energy feedback device can be described using Figure 2. The control circuit (within the dashed box) consists of a single-chip microcomputer programmable logic chip and a peripheral signal sampler, coupled with highly redundant software design, enabling the control circuit to automatically identify the phase sequence, phase, voltage, and current instantaneous values of the three-phase AC power grid, and orderly control the IPM (Intelligent Power Module) to operate in PWM state, ensuring that DC power can be promptly returned to the AC power grid.
Application of Energy Feedback Devices in Elevator Energy Conservation
Figure 2 Functional block diagram of energy feedback device
There are currently energy feedback device products available, which have the following characteristics:
① Replacing heating elements such as braking resistors, eliminating heat sources, improving the machine room environment, reducing the adverse effects of high temperatures on components such as motors and control systems, and extending the service life of elevators;
② It can instantly eliminate pump voltage, effectively improve elevator braking performance, and enhance elevator comfort performance;
③ By using phase control strategy, the harmonic interference of the frequency converter driving the elevator on the power grid can be effectively suppressed, purifying the power grid;
④ The output voltage waveform is good, the power factor is high, there is no pulsating circulation, and its voltage matches the grid voltage;
⑤ Samun ingantattun matakan keɓewar lantarki waɗanda ba za su tsoma baki tare da wasu kayan lantarki ba ko abubuwan waje su dame su;
⑥ Samfurin yana da babban matakin hankali, aiki mai ƙarfi, aminci da aminci, da kariya ta kuskure da ayyukan ƙararrawa sun cika;
⑦ Muddin zaɓin ya yi daidai, wiring ɗin daidai ne, kuma babu buƙatar cirewa, ana iya amfani da shi;
⑧ Samfurin yana da tsari mai sauƙi, ƙananan girman, da sauƙi shigarwa da kulawa.