Masu samar da na'urori masu sauya kuzarin mitar makamashi suna tunatar da ku cewa a cikin samar da sarrafa kansa na masana'antu na zamani, iyakokin aikace-aikacen famfo, fanfo da sauran kayan aiki na ƙara yin yawa. Amfanin su na makamashin lantarki, hasarar ɓarna na baffles, bawul da sauran kayan aiki, da kuma kula da gyaran yau da kullun da farashin gyara, kusan kusan kashi 20% na farashin. Wannan babban kuɗin samarwa ne. Tare da haɓakar tattalin arziƙin, zurfafa gyare-gyare, da haɓaka gasar kasuwa, adana makamashi da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa sannu a hankali sun zama muhimmiyar hanya don haɓaka ingancin samfura da rage farashin samarwa.
1. Basic Theory of Variable Frequency Energy ceto Technology
Mahimmin ka'idar fasahar sauya mitar ita ce na dogon lokaci, ana kiyaye mitar wutar lantarki da kayan aikin lantarki ke amfani da shi a cikin ƙayyadaddun yanayi. Aikace-aikacen fasahar sauya mitar shine don sanya mitar ta zama hanya wacce za'a iya daidaitawa da amfani da ita kyauta. A zamanin yau, mafi yawan aiki da saurin haɓaka fasahar mitar mitoci ita ce fasahar sarrafa saurin mitar mai canzawa.
Fasahar jujjuya mita ta haɗa da fasahar kwamfuta, fasahar wutar lantarki, da danna fasahar watsawa. Ita ce cikakkiyar fasaha wacce ta haɗu da kayan aikin injiniya da ƙarfi da ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Yana nufin jujjuya siginar mitar wutar lantarki a halin yanzu zuwa wasu mitoci, wanda galibi ana samun su ta hanyar abubuwan haɗin gwiwar semiconductor. Sa'an nan, da alternating halin yanzu yana tuba zuwa kai tsaye halin yanzu, da kuma inverter tsara halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki yayin da cimma stepless gudun tsari na electromechanical kayan aiki. A taƙaice, fasahar sauya mitar ita ce sarrafa saurin mota ta hanyar canza mitar na yanzu, ta yadda za a sarrafa kayan aikin motar yadda ya kamata. Wadannan duk ana samun su ne a kan karuwar kowace shekara a mitar da ake yi da kuma saurin mota. Siffar fasahar jujjuya mitar ita ce tana iya tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na motar, sarrafa hanzari ta atomatik da raguwa, da rage yawan kuzari yayin inganta aikin aiki.
A cikin amfanin yau da kullun na masu sauya mitar, ana amfani da sarrafa juzu'i kai tsaye da sarrafa vector. A nan gaba na ci gaban masu sauya mitoci, za a yi amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi na wucin gadi da hanyoyin sarrafa kai masu ban mamaki. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da masu sauya mitar ke ci gaba da haɓakawa, ƙwarewarsu za ta ƙara ƙaruwa. Baya ga kammala ainihin ayyukan ƙa'idar saurin gudu, suna kuma da sadarwa, shirye-shirye, da ayyukan tantance ma'aunin da aka saita a ciki.
2. Ƙa'idar ceton makamashi na mai sauya mita
2.1 Mabambanta hanyoyin ceton makamashi
Bisa ga injiniyoyin ruwa, iko=matsi * yawan kwarara. Matsakaicin gudu da gudu zuwa ƙarfin mutum daidai yake, matsa lamba yana daidai da murabba'in gudun, kuma ƙarfin yana daidai da cube na gudun. Idan an kayyade ingancin famfo na ruwa, lokacin da magudanar ruwa ya ragu, saurin zai ragu daidai gwargwado, ikon fitarwa kuma zai ragu a cikin dangantakar cubic. Sabili da haka, saurin famfo na ruwa yana kusan daidai da yawan wutar lantarki na motar. Misali, idan aka mayar da injin famfo ruwa mai karfin 55kW zuwa kashi 80% na saurinsa na asali, karfin wutar da yake amfani da shi ya kai 28kW/h, tare da karfin ceton wutar da ya kai kashi 48%. Amma idan an daidaita saurin zuwa 50% na asali, amfani da wutar lantarki ya zama kilowatts 6 a kowace awa, kuma adadin wutar lantarki ya kai 87%.
2.2 Karɓar ramuwa mai ƙima don kiyaye makamashi
Ƙarfin mai amsawa ba wai kawai yana haifar da kayan aiki don zafi ba kuma yana ƙara yawan lalacewa na waya, amma mafi mahimmanci, raguwa a cikin wutar lantarki yana haifar da raguwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki. A sakamakon haka, ana amfani da makamashi mai yawa a cikin layin wutar lantarki, wanda ke haifar da raguwar ingancin kayan aiki da kuma sharar gida mai tsanani. Bayan amfani da na'urar daidaita saurin mitar mai canzawa, ana ƙara rage asarar wutar lantarki saboda ma'aunin tacewa a cikin mai sauya mitar, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin grid ɗin wuta.
2.3 Amfani da hanyar farawa mai laushi don kiyaye makamashi
Saboda gaskiyar cewa an fara motar ta hanyar Y/D ko farawa kai tsaye, lokacin farawa ya ninka sau hudu zuwa bakwai na halin yanzu, wanda zai iya haifar da mummunar tasiri akan grid da kayan aikin lantarki. Haka kuma, wannan yana buƙatar babban ƙarfin grid ɗin wutar lantarki, yana haifar da babban halin yanzu yayin farawa, kuma yana haifar da babbar illa ga bawuloli da baffles yayin girgiza, wanda kuma yana da matukar illa ga rayuwar sabis na bututu da kayan aiki. Amfani da masu canza mitar na amfani da aikin farawa mai laushi na mai sauya mitar don fara na yanzu daga sifili, kuma matsakaicin ƙimar ba zai wuce ƙimar halin yanzu ba. Sabili da haka, tasirin grid ɗin wutar lantarki da abubuwan buƙatun don ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki suna raguwa sosai, kuma ana haɓaka rayuwar sabis na bawuloli da kayan aiki sosai.
3. Misalai na aikace-aikacen fasaha na ceton mitar makamashi mai canzawa
Mun yi amfani da shigar da madaidaicin mai sarrafa saurin mitar akan famfon ruwa mai yawo 160kW a matsayin misali don sake fasalin kayan aikin ceton mitar mai canzawa. Mun gwada amfani da wutar lantarki kafin da bayan sake fasalin kuma mun sami sakamako mai gamsarwa.
3.1 Yanayin sarrafawa kafin sauya canjin mitar
A cikin aikin famfo ruwa mai kewayawa, lokacin da yawan canjin ruwa ya canza saboda buƙatun tsari, wajibi ne don daidaita buɗewar famfo da mashigai don canza ainihin ƙimar famfo. Ana kiran wannan hanyar daidaitawa. A cikin wannan misali, buɗaɗɗen bawul na kanti da shigarwar yana kusa da 60%. Ta fuskar amfani da makamashi, wannan hanya ce ta daidaita tattalin arziƙin da ba ta dace ba.
3.2 Yanayin sarrafawa bayan sauya canjin mitar
A cikin aikin famfo na ruwa mai zagayawa, lokacin da yawan kwararar ruwa ya canza saboda buƙatun tsari, duka mashigai da bawuloli suna buɗewa gabaɗaya. Ta hanyar daidaita saurin motar, ana iya samun madaidaicin aiki da sabon wurin aiki don samun ƙimar da ya dace. Dangane da ainihin halin da ake ciki da kuma buƙatun kan-site, ana iya aiwatar da sarrafa hannu ko ta atomatik. A cikin wannan misalin, saboda babu buƙatar daidaita yawan kwararar ruwa akai-akai, an ƙayyade ainihin mitar injin ɗin zai zama 40Hz dangane da ainihin halin da ake ciki da buƙatun da ke kan rukunin yanar gizon, kuma ana ɗaukar sarrafa hannu musamman don adana kuzari.
4. Canje-canje a cikin aiki bayan amfani da tsarin daidaita saurin mitoci
An cimma cikakkiyar farawa mai laushi. Lokacin da motar ta fara, saurin rotor yana ƙaruwa a hankali tare da mitar shigar da wutar lantarki, yana haifar da haɓakar saurin gudu. An saita lokacin farawa na gabaɗayan tsarin zuwa kusan 20 seconds, wanda ba zai haifar da wani tasiri akan tsarin ba kuma ya fi santsi fiye da hanyar farawa ta asali.
Har ila yau, an rage yawan abin da ake amfani da shi a cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki, wanda ya sa amfani da kayan lantarki ya fi aminci. A lokaci guda, yayin da mitar ke raguwa, saurin motar kuma yana raguwa, yana rage lalacewa na inji kuma yana rage yiwuwar gazawar da farashin kulawa. Transformer da ke ba da wutar lantarki ga famfon ruwa ya ceci yawancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Ta hanyar rage nauyin aiki kawai, ƙarfin da aka ajiye yana da kusan kilowatts 50, yana inganta ingantaccen amfani da kayan aiki. Hakanan ana inganta yanayin wutar lantarki daidai gwargwado, yana mai da aikin injin ɗin ya fi tattalin arziki.
Amfani da fasahar jujjuya mita ya inganta ingancin samfur, rage yawan amfani da makamashi, adana makamashi, da kuma inganta fa'idodin tattalin arziki na kamfanoni. Aiwatar da fasahar daidaita saurin jujjuyawar mitar na buƙatar sauya waɗannan kayan aikin don cimma nasarar kiyaye makamashi.