Abahlinzeki bemishini yempendulo yamandla yeziguquli zefrikhwensi bakukhumbuza ukuthi okwamanje, ukubhuleka okulula kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kusetshenziswa kakhulu kumasistimu okulawula isivinini sokuguqulwa kwefrikhwensi ye-AC, anobubi obufana nokumosha amandla kagesi, ukushisisa okuqinile, kanye nokusebenza kabi kwamabhuleki okusheshayo. Lapho ama-asynchronous motors evamise ukubhuleka, ukusebenzisa i-feedback braking kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokonga amandla futhi kugwema ukulimala kwemvelo nezinto zokusebenza ngesikhathi sokubhuleka. Imiphumela egculisayo isizuziwe ezimbonini ezifana nezitimela zikagesi kanye nokumba uwoyela. Ngokuvela okuqhubekayo kwemishini emisha ye-elekthronikhi yamandla, ukwanda kwezindleko, kanye nokuqwashisa kwabantu ngokongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, kunezinhlobonhlobo zamathemba okusebenza.
Idivayisi yokubhuleka impendulo yamandla ifaneleka ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho amandla emoto emakhulu, njengamakhulu noma alingana no-100kw, umzuzu we-inertia gd2 wemishini mkhulu, futhi ungokwesistimu yokusebenza eqhubekayo yesikhashana esifushane. Ukwehliswa kokunciphisa ukusuka kwijubane eliphezulu kuye kwijubane eliphansi kukhulu, isikhathi sokubhuleka sifushane, futhi ukubhuleka okuqinile kuyadingeka. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokonga amandla futhi kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhuleka, kuyadingeka futhi ukubuyisela amandla okwehlisa izinga kanye nokuphendula ngawo kugridi yamandla ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokonga amandla.
Umgomo wokubhuleka impendulo
Kuhlelo lokulawula isivinini esishintshashintshayo, ukuncishiswa nokumiswa kwemoto kufinyelelwa ngokunciphisa kancane kancane imvamisa. Okwamanje lapho imvamisa incipha, isivinini se-synchronous se-motor siyehla ngokufanele. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa ye-inertia yemishini, isivinini se-rotor se-motor asishintshi, futhi ukuguqulwa kwayo kwejubane kunesikhathi esithile. Ngalesi sikhathi, isivinini sangempela sizoba sikhulu kunejubane esinikeziwe, okuholela esimweni lapho amandla e-electromotive engemuva emoto ephakeme kune-DC terminal voltage u yesiguquli sefrikhwensi, okungukuthi, i-e>u. Kuleli qophelo, i-motor kagesi iba i-generator, engadingi nje kuphela ukunikezwa kwamandla kusuka kugridi, kodwa futhi ingathumela ugesi kugridi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuba nomphumela omuhle wokubhuleka, kodwa futhi kuguqula amandla e-kinetic abe amandla kagesi, angathunyelwa kugridi ukuze athole amandla, abulale izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa. Impela, kufanele kube neyunithi yedivayisi yempendulo yamandla yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ukuze uyifinyelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isekethe yempendulo yamandla kufanele futhi ifake ama-reactors e-AC ne-DC, ama-absorber capacitance absorber, ama-switch electronic, njll.
Njengoba kwaziwa kahle, isekethe yokulungisa ibhuloho yeziguquli ezivamile azilawuleki, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukufeza ukudluliswa kwamandla okuqondiswa kabili phakathi kwesekethe ye-DC kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla. Isixazululo esisebenzayo sale nkinga ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-inverter obusebenzayo, futhi ingxenye yokubuyisela ithatha isilungisi esihlehliswayo, esikwaziwa nangokuthi isiguquli se-grid side. Ngokulawula i-inverter eseceleni kwegridi, amandla kagesi avuselelwe aguqulelwa kumandla we-AC ngefrikhwensi efanayo, isigaba, kanye nemvamisa njengegridi, futhi abuyiselwa kugridi ukuze afinyelele ukubhuleka. Ngaphambilini, amayunithi e-inverter asebenzayo ayevame ukusebenzisa amasekhethi e-thyristor, angenza ngokuphepha ukusebenza kwempendulo ngaphansi kwegridi yegridi ezinzile engajwayele ukuba namaphutha (ukushintshashintsha kwegridi yamandla okungeqi ku-10%). Lolu hlobo lwesekhethi lungenza ngokuphephile ukusebenza kwempendulo yesiguquli ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi wegridi azinzile ajwayele ukuba namaphutha (ngokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi wegridi okungeqile ku-10%). Ngoba ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwebhuleki yokukhiqiza amandla, uma isikhathi sokubhuleka kagesi wegridi sikhulu kuno-2ms, ukwehluleka ukushintsha kungase kwenzeke futhi izingxenye zingalimala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokulawula okujulile, le ndlela inesici samandla aphansi, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-harmonic, nokushintshashintsha okugqagqene, okuzodala ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-wave wave wave voltage grid. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukulawula inkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko eziphezulu. Ngokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwemishini elawulwa ngokugcwele, abantu baye bakha iziguquli eziguqulekayo ezilawulwa yi-chopper besebenzisa isilawuli se-PWM. Ngale ndlela, ukwakheka kwesiguquli eseceleni kwegridi sifana ngokuphelele nesesiguquli, zombili zisebenzisa isilawuli se-PWM.
Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla, kungabonwa ukuthi ukuze uzuze ngempela impendulo ye-energy braking ye-inverter, ukhiye ukulawula isiguquli eseceleni segridi. Umbhalo olandelayo ugxile ku-algorithm yokulawula yesiguquli eseceleni kwegridi kusetshenziswa amadivayisi alawulwa ngokugcwele kanye nendlela yokulawula ye-PWM.
lawula i-algorithm
I-algorithm yokulawula yeziguquli eziseceleni kwegridi ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-algorithm yokulawula i-vector, lapho i-vdc, v * dc, ne-△ vdc imelela inani elilinganiselwe, inani elinikeziwe, nephutha lokulawula levolthemu yebhasi ye-DC, ngokulandelana; id, i*d, Δ id imele inani elilinganisiwe, inani elinikeziwe, kanye nephutha lokulawula le-axis ye-grid side inverter; iq, i*q, Δ iq imele inani elilinganiselwe, inani elinikeziwe, kanye nephutha lokulawula le-q-eksisi yamanje yesiguquli eseceleni kwegridi; I-Δ v * d, v * d, kanye ne-v * q ngokulandelanayo imelela indawo yokusetha ye-voltage ephumayo ye-d-axis, iphoyinti lokusetha i-voltage ephumayo ye-d-axis, kanye nephoyinti lokusetha i-voltage ephumayo engu-q-axis yesiguquli eseceleni segridi; I-EABC, V * ABC, ne-IABC ngokulandelanayo imelela amanani anikezwa ngokushesha wamandla egridi, igridi ye-grid side converter voltage, kanye nezigaba ezintathu zamanani asheshayo okukhiphayo kwamanje; e. φ imele ubude nesigaba samandla egridi, ngokulandelana.
I-algorithm yokulawula i-vector ibala umehluko phakathi kwe-voltage yebhasi elinganisiwe ye-DC kanye nenani elinikeziwe, futhi ithola inani elinikeziwe le-d-axis yamanje ngesilawuli se-PI; Bese, ngokusekelwe esigabeni esilinganisiwe se-voltage yegridi, umthamo ophumayo okaliwe wesiguquli eseceleni segridi sididiyelwa ngokuvumelanisa siguqulwe ukuze kutholwe amanani akalwayo we-d-axis yamanje kanye ne-q-eksisi yamanje. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwe-pi, inani le-axis lengezwa ku-amplitude ye-voltage yegridi ukuze kutholwe amanani anikeziwe we-d-axis voltage kanye ne-q-axis voltage. Ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwe-synchronous coordinate, okuphumayo kuyatholakala.
Inzuzo yale algorithm ukunemba kokulawula okuphezulu kanye nokuphendula okuhle okuguquguqukayo; Okubi ukuthi kunezinguquko eziningi zokuxhumanisa ku-algorithm yokulawula, futhi i-algorithm iyinkimbinkimbi, idinga amandla aphezulu wokubala avela kumprosesa wokulawula.
Yamukela ukwakheka kwamanje kwesilungisi se-PWM sokulandelela. Le-algorithm eyenziwe lula iphindaphinda ngokuqondile i-d-axis yokubeka yamanje ngenani lereferensi ye-sine yezigaba ezintathu etholwe kuthebula lokubheka lesigaba segridi yegridi elinganisiwe ukuze kutholwe indawo yokusetha yamanje okukhiphayo kwezigaba ezintathu, bese yenza ukulungisa okulula kwe-pi ukuze kutholwe i-setpoint ye-voltage ephumayo yezigaba ezintathu bese uyikhipha. Ngenxa yokweqiwa kwezibalo zokuguqulwa kokudidiyela kule algorithm, izidingo zamandla ekhompyutha zephrosesa yokulawula ziphansi ngokuqhathaniswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yezimpawu zesilawuli se-PI uqobo, kunephutha elithile lesimo esizinzile ekulawuleni ukugeleza kwe-AC, ngakho-ke isici samandla sale algorithm siphansi kunaleso se-algorithm yokulawula i-vector ejwayelekile. Phakathi nezinqubo eziguquguqukayo, ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi webhasi le-DC kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi amathuba kagesi webhasi le-DC namanye amaphutha enzeka phakathi nezinqubo zokuguquguquka okusheshayo aphezulu kakhulu.
Izici zokubhuleka impendulo
Uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, isiguquli eseceleni segridi asinakubizwa nje ngokuthi "isilungisi" ngoba singasebenza njengokubili isilungisi kanye nesiguquli. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi okuzicisha, ubukhulu nesigaba se-AC yamanje singalawulwa ngemodi ye-PWM efanele, okwenza indlela yamanje yokufaka ibe yigagasi le-sine futhi iqinisekise ukuthi isici samandla ohlelo ngaso sonke isikhathi sisondela ku-1. Lapho amandla okuvuselela ebuya ku-inverter nge-motor deceleration braking inyusa i-voltage ye-DC, isigaba sokufakwayo kwe-AC kusuka kugesi ovuselelwe kabusha ukuze kufinyelelwe amandla okusebenza avuselelwe kabusha. amandla okukhiqiza kabusha angabuyiselwa kugridi yamandla e-AC, kuyilapho isistimu isengakwazi ukugcina i-voltage ye-DC ngenani elinikeziwe. Kulokhu, i-inverter eseceleni yegridi isebenza kusimo se-inverter esisebenzayo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuzuza ukugeleza kwamandla okuqondiswa kabili futhi kunesivinini sokuphendula esiguqukayo esisheshayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sakhiwo se-topology senza isistimu ilawule ngokugcwele ukushintshana kwamandla asebenzayo futhi asebenzayo phakathi kwezinhlangothi ze-AC ne-DC, ngokusebenza kahle okufika ku-97% kanye nezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezomnotho. Ukulahlekelwa ukushisa ngu-1% webhuleki yokusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi ayingcolisi igridi yamandla. Isici samandla sicishe sibe ngu-1, esihambisana nemvelo. Ngakho-ke, i-feed braking ingasetshenziswa kakhulu ekusebenzeni okonga amandla kuzimo zokubhuleka impendulo ye-PWM AC, ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho kudingeka khona ukubhuleka njalo. Amandla emoto kagesi nawo aphezulu, futhi umphumela wokonga amandla ubalulekile. Ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza, umphumela ojwayelekile wokonga amandla ungama-20%. Okuwukuphela komphumela wokusebenzisa ukulawula impendulo isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesistimu yokulawula.
Kafushane, kungabonakala ukuthi idivayisi yesistimu yempendulo yamandla inezinzuzo eziphakeme kakhulu kune-braking yokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye ne-DC braking. Ngokusebenzisa i-feed braking ukuze ubuyisele ugesi ovuselelwe kugridi, ingafinyelela umphumela wokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokonga izindleko zikagesi. Ngakho-ke, esimweni samanje sokushoda kwamandla okubangelwa ukuthuthuka komnotho ngokushesha ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zaseShayina, ukukhuthaza nokusebenzisa amabhuleki empendulo kunokubaluleka okubalulekile okonga ugesi.