Abahlinzeki bemishini yempendulo yamandla yeziguquli zemvamisa bakukhumbuza ukuthi esimweni samanje sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni e-China, iziguquli zemvamisa, njengengxenye yamandla nemishini kagesi, ziya ngokuya zibandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni izimboni. Nokho, abasebenzisi abaningi abajwayelene nendawo yokufaka nokuphepha kweziguquli zefrikhwensi, okuholela ezindlekweni nasekuphepheni okungazinzile. Ukuqonda ukufakwa nokukhethwa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi kungasiza abasebenzisi bonge izindleko, banciphise isikhathi sokuphumula, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwamasistimu okulawula ukunyakaza.
Izindleko ngokuvamile ziyisici esinqumayo lapho ukhetha indawo kanye nendlela yokufaka ama-inverter ane-voltage ephansi. Nokho, ukubeka izindleko kuqala kunezinqumo ezibalulekile mayelana nokufakwa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi kungase kubangele izindleko zobunikazi eziphakeme. Kuzophinde kwandise amathuba okuvalwa okungalindelekile futhi kudale izinkinga zokuphepha ezingaba khona.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umsebenzisi uhlela ukufaka isiguquli sefrikhwensi endaweni entsha noma ekhona, izindaba ezilandelayo zemvelo nezokuphepha kufanele zicatshangelwe kuqala. Kuphela uma abasebenzisi beqonda ubungozi bemvelo nezinzuzo zezinketho zokufaka lapho bengakwazi khona ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi.
1. Izinkinga zemvelo zama-converter frequency
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu liyisitha esikhulu sokuthembeka kweziguquli zefrikhwensi. Uma ukuphatha kungasebenzi, ukushisa kunganqwabelana lapho kuhlangana khona i-transistor yamandla ekudluliseni. Lokhu kungaholela ekuncibilikeni noma ekuncibilikeni kwezigaba zomphakathi. Ukushisa ngokweqile kungalimaza nemojuli yamandla ehlakaniphile yesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Lokho kuzoba nomthelela kumakhulu ezingxenye ezincane ezihlukene nezihlangene ezisebenza ndawonye ngaphakathi kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi.
Ngokombono wemvelo, ukufaka isiguquli semvamisa esikhungweni sokulawula izimoto (MCC) kuyisinqumo esihle. UL-845: Izimfuneko nezinyathelo zokuhlola zesikhungo sokulawula izimoto ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga zokuphatha ukushisa ngokweqile kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-MCC. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakhiqizi be-MCC badinga ukufakazela ukuthi isiguquli sefrikhwensi esifakwe ku-MCC ngeke sonakaliswe, noma ukuthi ukushisa okukhiqizwa isiguquli sefrikhwensi ngeke kulimaze ezinye izisetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwe-MCC.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuphathwa okushisayo okufanele kanye nempahla yokuhlanganisa ohlwini lwe-UL-845 kungaqedelwa kuphela abakhiqizi be-MCC. Ngisho nabakhiqizi bekhabhinethi abagunyazwe ngaphansi kwe-UL-508a abakwazi ukwengeza iziguquli zemvamisa ku-MCC futhi abakwazi ukugcina uhlu lwabo lwe-UL-845. Uma iyunithi engaphakathi kwe-MCC ingekho ohlwini lwe-UL-845, lonke uhlu oluhleliwe lwe-MCC aluvumelekile.
Uma isethi yeziguquli zefrikhwensi ifakwa ngaphakathi kwekhabhinethi yokulawula imboni (ICP) esikhundleni se-MCC, izothwalisa umsebenzisi wokugcina ngokuphatha okushisayo. Uma i-ICP kufanele ivalwe uphawu, isethi yemishini yokupholisa umoya ngokuvamile iyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngaphakathi komkhawulo wokuklama wesiguquli semvamisa (noma umkhawulo wezinye izingxenye ze-ICP). Umthetho ojwayelekile wesithupha ukuthi isiguquli sefrikhwensi sizokhulula cishe u-3% wamandla esewonke ageleza kuso njengemisebe yokushisa endaweni ezungezile.
Lapho kufakwa umoya ku-ICP, isamba sevolumu yokushintshisana komoya ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu langaphandle kufanele lanele ukugcina izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngaphakathi kwebanga lomkhawulo womklamo wesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umoya wangaphandle ojikelezayo uqukethe uthuli noma umswakama, izihlungi kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuqeda ukungcola. Ukugcina amaphutha kanye nokushintsha njalo izihlungi kungabangela izingxenye ukuthi zishise kakhulu.
Ngesiguquli sefrikhwensi esifakwe ku-ICP, enye inkinga ebalulekile ehlobene nokushisa ukushiya imvume eyanele eduze kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi ukuze kuzuzwe ukugeleza komoya okuvamile. Idizayini ngayinye yesiguquli sefrikhwensi inezidingo ezincane zokuvunyelwa, okuhlanganisa phezulu, phansi, nohlangothi nohlangothi, okubalulekile ekupholiseni amabhodi angaphakathi nezingxenye. Kuvame ukubonakala ukuthi abanye abakhiqizi bekhabhinethi abangenalwazi benza iphutha ngephutha ukuthi amapayipi ekhebula afakwe amakhebula ngeke abe yizithiyo, ngakho-ke awahlele eduze kakhulu nesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Kodwa-ke, iba yisithiyo ekugelezeni komoya okuvamile futhi ayikwazi ukushiya imvume eyanele, okuvame ukuholela ekuhlulekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwesiguquli semvamisa.
Ama-inverter afakwe odongeni ngokuvamile afakwe amafeni ashayela umoya endaweni ebiyelwe yesiguquli ukuze afinyelele ukupholisa. Futhi cabangela ezinye izinto ezingase zibe khona emoyeni ozungezile, kuhlanganise nomhwamuko wamanzi, uwoyela wenjini, uthuli, amakhemikhali, negesi. Lezi zinto zingase zingene kusiguquli sefrikhwensi futhi zidale umonakalo, noma zidale ukunqwabelana kwezinsalela, ngaleyo ndlela zehlise ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa. Ukuvimbela izithiyo ekuvimbeleni ukugeleza komoya kubaluleke ngokufanayo kuma-inverter afakwe odongeni. Amagesi athile, njenge-hydrogen sulfide, kufanele agwenywe njengoba ekwazi ukugqwalisa amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe kanye nezingxenye zokuxhuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho usebenzisa ukuthunyelwa okuthile, kuyadingeka ukugcina umswakama ohlobene ngaphezu kwenani elincane, ngoba uma liphansi kakhulu, ugesi omile uzoba yinkinga lapho umoya ugeleza ezingxenyeni.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-inverter aphansi-voltage angasebenzisi i-conformal coatings kumabhodi wabo wesifunda. Iziguquli zefrikhwensi ezinamamodeli emoto angaphezu kuka-400 amandla amahhashi, sezivele zikhulu kakhulu ukuthi zingafakwa ezindongeni futhi zingafakwa kuphela ezakhiweni ezizimele ezingalungiswa phansi. Lawa ma-inverters afakwe kwikhabhinethi adinga isiteshi somoya esihlukile ukupholisa usinki wokushisa.
Abasebenzisi kufanele baqonde ubungozi obukhona kanye nezinzuzo zezinketho zokufaka ezihlukene ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi.
2. Ukuphepha kwe-frequency converter efanele
Lapho unquma ukuthi ungasifaka kanjani futhi kuphi isiguquli semvamisa, ukuphepha kwe-arc kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Isizathu esiqinisekisa kakhulu sokufaka isiguquli semvamisa ku-MCC ukuthi ukuphepha kwaso kuyahambisana nedizayini iyonke ye-MCC. Lapho ufaka iziguquli zefrikhwensi ku-MCC, zonke izindaba zokuphepha kwezisebenzi zihlobene nayo yonke inqubo yokuthatha izinqumo ye-MCC. Uma i-MCC izoba nokusebenza kokumelana ne-arc, ikhabhinethi yesiguquli semvamisa kumele futhi ikwazi ukumelana nama-arcs.
Ngaphezu kokuvikela i-arc flash, kukhona nezinye izindaba zokuphepha kwezisebenzi ezihlobene nokufakwa kwe-MCC: kuyunithi ye-UL-845 MCC, isiguquli sefrikhwensi kufanele sibe kwinhlanganisela yochungechunge oluhloliwe olubekwe ohlwini (okumele lusetshenziswe umkhiqizi we-MCC), futhi ileveli yaso kufanele ihlangabezane noma yeqe isilinganiso se-MCC yesifunda esifushane.
Inqobo nje uma ukucaciswa okuphelele kwe-MCC kuhlangabezana nemibandela yesayithi, lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi yonke iyunithi ngaphakathi kwe-MCC ingafakazelwa ukuthi ixhunywe ohlelweni. Isixhumi esibonakalayo somshini womuntu (i-HMI) esidingekayo ukuze abasebenzisi bafinyelele isiguquli semvamisa ngokuvamile sithuthelwa ngaphandle komnyango wekhabethe leyunithi yesisetshenziswa ngendlela ye-MCC, ngaphandle kwalapho kucaciswe ngenye indlela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma o-opharetha befuna ukufunda, ukulungisa, ukuhlela, noma ukuhlonza amaphutha kusiguquli sefrikhwensi esikrinini sabo sokubonisa, akudingeki ukuthi bavule umnyango wekhabethe leyunithi yesisetshenziswa bawuveze ezingozini zokuphepha ngaphakathi kwekhabhinethi.
Uma ufaka isiguquli semvamisa ngaphakathi kwe-ICP, izinkinga eziningi zokuphepha nazo zidinga ukucatshangelwa. Uma umsebenzisi engadingi isilinganiso samanje se-short-circuit current (SCCR) emiyalweni yokuthenga, abanye abakhiqizi be-ICP bazohlinzeka ngomusa ama-ICP ngesilinganiso esingu-5kA. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi abakwazi ukuxhuma i-ICP kumasistimu kagesi okungenzeka kube khona iphutha lamanje (AFC) ngaphezu kuka-5kA. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, i-5kA AFC mancane amathuba okuthi ingafinyelelwa ezinhlelweni zezimboni, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ugesi ongu-480V. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfuneko zokuphepha kwe-arc flash kanye nokukhiya ngaphandle/i-tagout ngokuvamile zisho ukuthi isiphazamisi esiyinhloko se-ICP kufanele sinqanyulwe, futhi noma yikuphi ukusebenza noma uxhumano olungaphakathi kwe-ICP kufanele lukhiywe futhi lumakwe ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuphatha amadivaysi amaningi e-circuit breaker angena eminyango yekhabethe. Uma ingxenye yesistimu ivaliwe futhi lonke uhlelo kufanele luvalwe, i-ICP ihlakaniphe kune-MCC noma isiguquli sefrikhwensi esihlukile. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-SCCR nayo ibalulekile ekufakweni odongeni kanye neziguquli zefrikhwensi ezifakwe kwikhabhinethi. Uma kungenzeka, zama ukuthenga isiguquli sefrikhwensi ngendlela yeyunithi ehlanganisiwe, njengoba isinqamuli esiyinhloko kanye nedivayisi yokuvikela i-overcurrent izohlanganiswa nesethi ephelele yemishini yokuguqula imvamisa. Lokhu kuxazulula inkinga ye-SCCR nezinye izindaba zokuphepha zikagesi.
Enye inkinga ehlobene neziguquli ezinkulu zefrikhwensi ukuthi imvamisa iyasinda. Isibonelo, ochwepheshe bezokulungisa bavamise ukusebenzisa amathuluzi, okhreni, ngisho nama-forklift, okubeka isiguquli semvamisa kanye nabasebenzi engcupheni. Idizayini ye-chassis esebenzisa iloli elikhethekile elifana nokuhlanganisa ingafaniswa namarayili angaphakathi atholakala phansi kwekhabethe le-inverter, ehlinzeka ngendlela elula nephephile yokuhambisa izingxenye zemishini esindayo. Ukufinyeleleka, ukuphepha, ukugcinwa, nokufaneleka kokufakwa kwesiguquli semvamisa kuzoba nomthelela wesikhathi eside ongeke ubonakale ngokushesha phakathi nezigaba zokuklama nezokuhlela. Ngokuqonda ubungozi bemvelo nezinzuzo zezinketho zokufaka ezihlukene, abasebenzisi bangathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-inverter kuwo wonke umjikelezo wayo wokuphila, kuyilapho benciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nezingozi zokuphepha.