Abahlinzeki bemishini yokuphendula amandla e-inverter bakukhumbuza ukuthi ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, abantu baye banaka kakhulu ukongiwa kwamandla kagesi. Izixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka zedrayivu ye-DC evamile kancane kancane zibonisa izimpawu zokungafinyeleli izimfuneko zezikhathi. Umgibeli ukhawulela ukugcinwa nokusetshenziswa kwamamotho e-DC. Ngakho-ke abantu baqala ukutadisha ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini se-AC, futhi kwaze kwaba ngawo-1970 lapho ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe bokulawula kanye nobuchwepheshe be-microelectronics, kancane kancane kwashintsha ukulawulwa kwesivinini se-DC nokusebenza kokulawula isivinini se-AC. Ngenxa yalokho, kwazalwa ama-converter frequency.
1. Mayelana nesiguquli sefrikhwensi
Umsebenzi wokuqala wama-frequency converters kwakuwukulawula isivinini, kodwa ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kweziguquli zemvamisa e-China kugxile kakhulu ekongiweni kwamandla, kugcizelela indima yokonga amandla emkhakheni kagesi. Izwe lethu lishoda ngamandla, futhi ngenxa yezinkinga zobuchwepheshe, izinga lokusebenzisa amandla aliphezulu. Ikakhulukazi njengomthombo wamandla ahlanzekile, ugesi uyindlala kakhulu. Ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi okukhulu, amandla asesimeni sokonga amandla abala kuphela ingxenye encane yawo wonke amandla asetshenziswayo. Kodwa-ke, kunenombolo enkulu yamamotho anamandla okonga amandla e-China, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zokonga zinamathemba abanzi futhi ziwumkhuba odingeka kakhulu, obuye ukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe befrikhwensi eguquguqukayo ngokwezinga elithile.
2. Mayelana nama-harmonics
Amaza efrikhwensi ayinkinga enkulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kweziguquli zemvamisa. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi kwenze ukuba iziguquli ezijwayelekile zikwazi ukufeza imisebenzi yokuhlunga nge-software ephusile kanye nokwakheka kwehardware. Ngemuva kokucubungula, ingavimbela ngempumelelo futhi ihlunge iningi lama-harmonics we-oda eliphezulu, iqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo kagesi ihambisana nokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic - EMC. Kodwa-ke, izinto ze-elekthronikhi zezinye izinkampani, amathuluzi, njll. ziyaguga uma kuqhathaniswa, ngakho-ke zizwela kakhulu kuma-harmonics e-oda eliphezulu futhi azikwazi ukusebenza kahle uma zisetshenziswa neziguquli zefrikhwensi. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo ukuthi izingxenye ezingekho emgqeni ze-rectifier kanye nezingxenye ze-inverter ze-converter ye-frequency converter zenza izinguquko ekuhlinzekeni kwamandla, okuholela ekuphazamiseni kwe-harmonic futhi kuthinte umphumela wokuguqulwa kwemvamisa. Isixazululo esiyinhloko siwukusebenzisa izintambo ezivikelwe ukuze zikhiphe, futhi ukubeka phansi okukodwa kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka. Ukwengeza izihlungi ezingxenyeni zokufaka nokukhiphayo kunganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo i-amplitude yama-harmonics we-oda eliphansi futhi kuzuze imiphumela yokonga amandla ngokuhlunga ama-harmonics. Ukuze ulawule isignali, ikakhulukazi amasignali e-analog, izintambo ezivikelwe ezisontekile ezimbili zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakheka okuphansi okunomkhawulo owodwa, okungavimbela ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Indlela yokulawula ye-SPWM esetshenziswa njengamanje ekuguquleni imvamisa inomphumela omuhle ekulawuleni izingxenye ze-harmonic nokulawula izici ezihlanekezela. Ngakho-ke, ikhono lokuphazanyiswa kwe-anti harmonic labaguquli befrikhwensi be-PWM uma kuqhathaniswa nabaguquli befrikhwensi yokulawula i-SPWM linegebe elibalulekile.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni
3.1 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-frequency converter emishinini yezimboni kanye nemithwalo yephampu yemishini
Isizathu sokuthi kungani ama-frequency converter angasetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini yezimboni kanye nemithwalo yephampu yemishini kungenxa yobuchwepheshe babo obunamandla bokulawula isivinini, obusebenzisa imvamisa ye-stator yemoto ukushintsha ijubane lemoto ngokufanele, ekugcineni kuguqule izimo zokusebenza zemithwalo yephampu nokwenza imishini yasekuqaleni ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza. Uma kukhona ushintsho olukhulu emthwalweni wemishini eyimishini namaphampu ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa ukulawula ukuphuma kwesiguquli semvamisa kungenza umthwalo wephampu uhlangabezane nezimo zenqubo yokukhiqiza, uzuze umphumela ongcono kakhulu wokonga amandla, uthuthukise izinga lokukhiqiza, usheshise inqubo yokushintshashintsha kwezimboni, futhi andise impilo yesevisi yemishini, uthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukhuphule ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi uvumele amabhizinisi ukuthi athole izinzuzo eziphezulu zomnotho.
3.2 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-frequency converter kumthwalo wabalandeli bemishini yokukhiqiza yezimboni
Amafeni asetshenziswa ngokuyisisekelo ezinhlelweni zokupholisa, kumasistimu amaboyili, amasistimu okomisa, nezinhlelo zokukhipha umoya ekukhiqizeni izimboni. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, sizolawula izici ezifana nevolumu yomoya nezinga lokushisa elithinta ukukhiqizwa ukuze sifinyelele izimo ezinhle zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nezimo zokusebenza. Enqubweni yokulawula yangaphambilini, indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kwakuwukulungisa izinga lokuvula nokuvala le-outlet kanye ne-baffle. Ububi bokusebenzisa le ndlela yokulawula ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi inqubo yokukhiqiza nezimo zokusebenza, umlandeli uhlala egijima ngesivinini esingaguquki, esingakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokunembile nezimo zenqubo yokukhiqiza nezimo zokusebenza, uchitha amandla futhi udle imishini nezinto zokwakha, unciphisa inzuzo yokukhiqiza, futhi unciphisa impilo yesevisi yemishini. Isibonelo, izitshalo zefiber zamakhemikhali, izitshalo zensimbi, izitshalo zikasimende, njll. zonke zisebenzisa amafeni. Uma sisebenzisa ukulungisa indawo yokukhipha umoya ukuze sishintshe ivolumu yomoya, injini izohlala isebenza ngomthwalo ogcwele, kodwa ukuvulwa kwe-damper yomoya kuphakathi kuka-50% no-80% kuphela, okungaba ukuziphatha okumoshayo. Ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa busetshenziswa emthwalweni wefeni, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kokulawula isivinini esingenasinyathelo kunganweba ibanga lejubane le-fan, kukwenze kuthembeke kakhudlwana, kube lula ukuhlela, nokufeza izimo eziphakeme zezinqubo zokukhiqiza nezimo zokusebenza.
3.3 Ukusetshenziswa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa
Ezindaweni lapho umthwalo wemoto ngokuvamile ungaguquki, njengezigayo zendwangu kanye nezigayo zensimbi, injini ivamise ukusebenza ngamandla athile, futhi ukusebenza kwesiguquli semvamisa kunzima ukukushintshwa ngezinye izinto zokusebenza, njengokusheshisa okushelelayo nokwehla kwejubane, itorque yokulawula enembile, nokuzinza okuhle kokusebenza, ukuze isetshenziswe kahle. Emafekthri anjalo, abaguquli bemvamisa abahluleki nje ukugcina amandla, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho, ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphakeme kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, lonke uhlelo lubiza kakhulu futhi ludla amandla amaningi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinhlelweni ezifana namafeni namaphampu, izici zokonga amandla nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ziba zivelele kakhulu. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, umthwalo wamanje uvame ukushintsha. Uma ama-motor amaningana esetshenziswa ngokufana, nakanjani azokwandisa izindleko zemishini. Uma indlela yokulawula isivinini yangaphambilini isetshenziswa, futhi ayihambisani nokufeza umgomo wokuzenzakalela kokukhiqiza. Kulokhu, abanye abakhiqizi bakhiqize iziguquli zefrikhwensi ezikhethekile zalolu hlelo lokusebenza. Lolu hlobo lwesiguquli semvamisa alunazo izici zokulawulwa kwejubane lokunemba okuphezulu nokulawulwa kwe-torque, ngakho-ke izindleko zalo zokukhiqiza nazo ziphansi kakhulu.
4. Ukukhethwa kwesiguquli semvamisa
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa, njengamanje kunemikhiqizo eminingi nedatha yeziguquli zemvamisa emakethe. Izindlela zokulawula eziyinhloko zifaka: indlela yokulawula ingcindezi eyisicaba, okungukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-U/F=K; Indlela yokulawula iVector, eyaziwa nangokuthi ubuchwepheshe be-VECTOR; Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula i-torque eqondile (i-DTC), njll. Amabhizinisi angakhetha ama-converter ama-frequency ngokuvumelana nesimo sawo sangempela ukuze ahlangabezane nezimfuneko zokulawula zemishini ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ekusebenziseni iziguquli ze-frequency emishinini engumshini enemithwalo ye-torque eguquguqukayo, engafinyelela imiphumela engcono yokonga amandla. Mayelana nokukhethwa kwamandla okuguqula amaza, kufanele kukhethwe ngokwesayensi ngokusekelwe kumthamo wamanje womthwalo. Ungaphinda ukhethe isiguquli semvamisa ene-PID eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yokulawula ukumisa ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela. Njengamanje, ama-converter amaningi e-frequency emakethe ane-interfaces yamabhasi, futhi enkambisweni yokukhiqiza, abaguquli bemvamisa basebenza njenge-node yenethiwekhi ukuze baxhumane namanye amadivaysi okuxhumana, angathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle nokufeza ukonga amandla, futhi akhuthaze umkhuba omuhle wokunemba kokulawula okuphezulu nokuhlakanipha. Ubuchwepheshe be-Fieldbus njengamanje buwubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuzenzakalela obuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula amakhompiyutha, ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho-ke, ingakwazi ukufeza ukudluliswa kwemisebenzi eminingi yemingcele yesignali eminingi ku-pair of izintambo futhi inikeze amandla kumadivayisi amaningi, angagcini nje ngokusindisa ugesi kodwa futhi asindise izindleko.
Izici zokonga ugesi zeziguquli zefrikhwensi zidonse ukunaka okusabalele emphakathini futhi zisetshenziswe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Isiguquli semvamisa yemakethe sisetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ijubane lamamotho e-AC, futhi njengamanje iyisixazululo esilungele kakhulu nesithembisayo sokulawula isivinini emkhakheni wohlelo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, iziguquli zefrikhwensi zinemiphumela yokonga amandla, futhi ukongiwa kukagesi kuyindaba okufanele ithathwe ngokungathi sína ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi kuyisiqinisekiso esidingekayo sokuzuza intuthuko esimeme yamabhizinisi. Ngenxa yomphumela wawo wokonga amandla kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini, iziguquli zemvamisa seziphenduke umshini ozishintshayo odumile futhi ngenxa yalokho zithuthukiswe futhi zasetshenziswa ngokushesha. Amathemba esikhathi esizayo okuguqula imvamisa ayathembisa kakhulu, futhi angasetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi eminingi, edlala indima enkulu ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamabhizinisi. Ukusetshenziswa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi kunethuba elibanzi lokuthuthuka.