Abahlinzeki beyunithi yempendulo yamandla bakukhumbuza ukuthi umlando wohlelo lokusebenza weziguquli zefrikhwensi e-China usuneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30. Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi nayo isiqalile ukubandakanya izinkambu eziningi, futhi usayizi wemakethe ukhula unyaka nonyaka. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-140 zasekhaya nezangaphandle zama-frequency converters, futhi abakhiqizi nabasabalalisi abasanda kusungulwa basakazwa ezweni lonke. Nakuba kusekhona igebe elithile ekusebenzeni phakathi kweziguquli zefrikhwensi zasekhaya neziphuma kwamanye amazwe, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe eShayina, leli gebe alinakuxazululeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlomula ekuthembekeni kochungechunge lwezimboni zasekhaya, kunethuba elikhulu lokuphumelela kokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza ama-converters asekhaya.
Isistimu yokushayela imvamisa eguquguqukayo yakhiwe isiguquli sefrikhwensi, esizuze noma yeqa ukusebenza kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini ye-DC. Isiguquli semvamisa sinezinzuzo zosayizi omncane, umsindo ophansi, izindleko eziphansi, nokugcinwa kalula kwamamotho asynchronous, okwenza kube lula kakhulu inqubo yokukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko zokuqala zokutshala imali. Ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kweziguquli zefrikhwensi kungathuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwabasebenzi, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nemishini ezishintshayo, kuyilapho konga amandla futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
1, Ukwahlukaniswa, isimiso sokusebenza kanye nesakhiwo seziguquli ze-low-voltage frequency
1. Ukuhlelwa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi ye-low-voltage
Kunamazinga ahlukene okuhlukanisa iziguquli zefrikhwensi. Amadrayivu amafrikhwensi aguquguqukayo angahlukaniswa abe amadrayivu ajwayelekile kanye namadrayivu akhethekile akhethekile. Ngokomgomo wokusebenza, ama-frequency converters angahlukaniswa abe abaguquli befrikhwensi be-AC-AC kanye nabaguquli befrikhwensi be-AC-DC-AC, phakathi kwabo abaguquli be-AC-DC-AC bangaphinde bahlukaniswe ngohlobo lwamanje kanye neziguquli zohlobo lwe-voltage ngokuya ngemodi yokusebenza yesekethe enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono wendlela yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa, ingahlukaniswa ngama-VVVF frequency converters, ama-converter frequency vector, ama-converter aqondile okulawula i-torque, njalonjalo.
2. I-voltage ephansi yokusebenza isimiso sokuguqulela imvamisa
Ngokuvamile, ama-converter ama-frequency asebenzisa imodi yokusebenza ye-crossover direct crossover. Uma sikhuluma ngokuqhathaniswa, iziguquli ze-low-voltage frequency zisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bazo obuvuthiwe, izindleko eziphansi, nokugcinwa kalula. Umgomo wokusebenza kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi ukuguqula amandla e-AC abe amathuluzi kagesi ashintshwayo. Ngokwefomula yesivinini esivumelanayo esingu-N=60f/p samamotho e-AC (lapho u-N kuyisivinini esivumelanayo semoto, f imvamisa yamandla, futhi u-p uyinombolo yezigxobo zenjini), ijubane le-AC motor lingashintshwa ngokushintsha imvamisa. I-frequency converter ithuthukiswa ngokusekelwe kulesi simiso.
3. Isakhiwo sokuguqula i-voltage ephansi
Ukwakheka kwesekethe okuyinhloko kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi:
Uhlobo lwe-voltage: Amandla kagesi aguqulwa asuka ku-DC aye ku-AC frequency converter, futhi isihlungi sesekethe siyi-capacitor.
Uhlobo lwamanje: Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwamanje kuyashintsha kusuka ku-DC kuya ku-AC frequency converter, futhi isihlungi sesekhethi siyi-inductor.
Isiguquli sefrikhwensi siqukethe izingxenye ezine ezilandelayo:
(1) Izilungisi: Okwamanje, iziguquli ze-diode zisetshenziswa kakhulu, ezingaguqula imvamisa yamandla zibe amandla e-DC futhi zingakha neziguquli ezihlehliswayo. Ngenxa yokuthi isiqondiso sayo samandla siyabuyiseleka emuva, ingakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha futhi isebenze.
(2) Isekhethi yegagasi eliyisicaba: I-voltage ye-DC elungiswe isilungisi ine-voltage eshayayo, eyiphinda izikhathi ezingu-6 imvamisa yokunikezwa kwamandla. Ukucindezela ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi, ama-capacitor nama-inductors ayadingeka ukuze amunce i-pulsating voltage (okungukuthi yamanje). Lapho umthamo wedivayisi encane, uma kukhona umthamo oweqile, isifunda esibushelelezi singasetshenziswa ngokuqondile.
(3) I-Inverter: I-inverter iguqula amandla e-DC ibe amandla e-AC, ngaleyo ndlela ithole ukuphuma kwezigaba ezintathu phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
(4) Isifunda sokulawula: Nikeza isifunda sokulawula isignali somjikelezo oyinhloko wokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi asynchronous. Kubandakanya i-voltage frequency operation circuit, isekethe enkulu yamanje kanye nesekhethi yokutholwa kwe-voltage, isifunda sokutholwa kwesivinini semoto, isifunda sokushayela esisebenzayo esingakhulisa amasiginali okulawula, isekethe yokuvikela i-motor kanye ne-inverter.
2, Ukukhethwa Kwezinhlobo Eziphansi Ze-Voltage Inverter
1. Uhlolojikelele Lokukhetha Kohlobo Lwesishintshi Samandla Aphansi
Okwamanje, abasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha ngokusekelwe emiyalweni noma imanuwali yokukhetha ehlinzekwe ngumkhiqizi wokuguqula izinto. Ngokuvamile, umenzi wesiguquli sefrikhwensi uhlinzeka ngesilinganiso samanje esilinganiselwe sesiguquli sefrikhwensi, esingafanisa amandla alinganiselwe nomthamo wenjini. Amapharamitha wamamotho atholakalayo wonke ahlinzekwa ngumkhiqizi ngokusekelwe kumkhiqizi noma amamotho ajwayelekile kazwelonke, futhi awakwazi ukukhombisa ngokweqiniso umthamo wokuthwala wesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha i-converter ye-frequency, umgomo wamanje olinganiselwe we-motor ongeqi i-converter frequency rated current kufanele uthathwe njengereferensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukhetha i-frequency converter, umuntu kufanele aqonde izimo zenqubo kanye nemingcele efanele yemoto, futhi unake uhlobo nezici zokusebenza zemoto.
(1) Ukukhethwa kwamanje okulinganiselwe kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Ngokwezicaciso zokuklama, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kwesiguquli semvamisa, isilinganiso samanje se-converter frequency kumele sibe sikhulu kunomthamo olinganiselwe womthwalo (motor), ikakhulukazi kumamotho anezici zomthwalo ezishintsha njalo. Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho, isilinganiso samanje se-converter yefrikhwensi singaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-1.05 zamanje ezilinganiselwe zenjini.
(2) Ukukhethwa kwe-voltage elinganiselwe yeziguquli zefrikhwensi. I-voltage elinganiselwe yesiguquli sefrikhwensi ikhethwa ngokusekelwe kuvolthi yebhasi eseceleni kokufaka yesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Empeleni, i-voltage elinganiselwe yesiguquli semvamisa kufanele ihambisane ne-voltage yokufaka. Uma i-voltage yokufaka iphezulu kakhulu, isiguquli sefrikhwensi [3] sizolimala.
2. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokukhetha iziguquli zamafrikhwensi ane-voltage ephansi
(1) Qondanisa uhlobo lomthwalo nesiguquli sefrikhwensi.
Umthwalo wemboni ye-petrochemical ikakhulukazi uhlanganisa amaphampu namafeni. Amaphampu ahlukaniswe abe amaphampu amanzi, amaphampu kawoyela, amaphampu anezela, amaphampu amamitha, amaphampu okuphakamisa, amaphampu axutshwayo, namaphampu okugeza. Phakathi kwazo, amaphampu okuphakamisa, amaphampu okuxuba, namaphampu okuwasha ngokuvamile kuwumsebenzi osindayo, kanti okunye kuyimithwalo evamile. Amafeni ahlukaniswe amafeni okupholisa umoya, amafeni okusalungiswa enziwa kubhayela, amafeni e-axial, ama-compressor komoya, njll. Lapho isiphephetha-moya esipholisa umoya nesiphehli se-boiler esisalungiswa siqalwa, kokubili kuyimithwalo esindayo, ngokuvamile ebhekwa njengemithwalo esindayo, kanti okunye kuyimithwalo evamile. Lapho ukhetha i-converter ye-frequency, ukukhethwa kufanele kusekelwe ezintweni zokulayisha. Uma uhlobo lomthwalo lungacacile noma lungase lushintshe ngaphansi kwezimo zenqubo ezehlukene, kuyanconywa ukukhetha isiguquli sefrikhwensi ngokusekelwe kumthwalo osindayo ukuze ugweme ukukhetha ukungafani.
(2) Izimo zemvelo zithinta isiguquli semvamisa.
Ngokuvamile, iziguquli zefrikhwensi zidinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomswakama. Uma izinga lokushisa le-ambient lingaphansi kwama-degree Celsius angu-30, umswakama ohlobene ungaphansi kuka-80%, futhi ukuphakama kungaphansi kwamamitha angu-100, isiguquli sefrikhwensi sisebenza ngokuphepha endaweni yamanje elinganiselwe; Uma izinga lokushisa le-ambient lidlula u-40 ℃, umthamo wangempela kanye namandla amanje wesiguquli sefrikhwensi kuzokwehla kancane kancane ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa le-ambient. Uma umswakama ohlobene wendawo udlula u-90%, ukufingqa kungase kwenzeke, kubangele amasekhethi amafushane ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Uma ubude budlula amamitha ayi-100, amandla okukhipha isiguquli sefrikhwensi azokwehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguquli zemvamisa kufanele zigwenywe ukuthi zisetshenziswe ezindaweni ezinothuli.
(3) Ukukhethwa kwezingxenye ozikhethela kuziguquli zefrikhwensi.
Ukukhetha okungalungile kwezingxenye ozikhethela kuzo zokuguqula imvamisa kungaholela esilinganisweni sokuhluleka okuphezulu, okugxilwe kakhulu ekukhetheni izihlungi nama-reactors.
3. Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-low-voltage frequency converter
1. Ukuxhumeka okuyinhloko kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi ye-low-voltage
Ngenxa yomthelela obalulekile wezikhundla zokufakwa kwezixhumi, izihlungi, nama-reactor kumjikelezo oyinhloko kusiguquli sefrikhwensi, okulandelayo kuzogxila ekuhlaziyeni lawa madivayisi amathathu.
(1) Oxhumana naye
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuxhuma eziyinhloko zama-contactors: ukufakwa ohlangothini olungemuva lomzimba we-inverter nokufakwa ohlangothini olungaphambili lomzimba we-inverter. I-contactor ifakwe ngemuva komzimba we-inverter, futhi inzuzo ukuthi i-inverter ayinayo imithelela evamile lapho injini iqalwa njalo. Okubi ukuthi isikhathi sokushaja se-converter frequency side futhi kukhona ukulahleka kwamandla. I-contactor ifakwe ohlangothini lwangaphambili lomzimba we-inverter futhi inenzuzo yokunqamula ngokuphelele amandla lapho injini ikwimodi yokulinda ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla. Ububi ukuthi ukuqala njalo kwenjini kuzodala ukushaja okuvamisile kusiguquli sefrikhwensi, kuthinte impilo yesevisi yezingxenye zokuguqula imvamisa.
Kafushane, uma i-motor iqala ngokungavamile, i-contactor ingafakwa emaceleni angaphambili nangemuva komzimba we-inverter, kodwa ifaneleka kakhulu ukufakwa ohlangothini olungemuva lomzimba we-inverter. Uma i-motor iqala kaningi, kunconywa ukuthi ufake i-contactor ohlangothini olungemuva lomzimba we-inverter.
(2) Hlunga
Isihlungi sokufaka sisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlunga igridi yamandla, ukucindezela imiphumela ye-harmonic yegridi yamandla kusiguquli semvamisa, nokucindezela i-harmonic ekhiqizwa ukulungiswa kwesiguquli semvamisa ukuthi singabuyeli kugridi yamandla; Isihlungi sokukhiphayo sithuthukisa kakhulu isiguquli semvamisa, sihlunge ama-harmonics, futhi senze i-waveform yokuphumayo ibe yi-sinusoidal.
(3) I-Rector
I-reactor yokufaka ingacindezela ama-harmonics ohlangothini lwegridi futhi ivikele ibhuloho lokulungisa; Uma ikhebuli yokukhiphayo yesiguquli sefrikhwensi idlula ubude obushiwo (ngokuvamile ivumela ubude bekhebula obungu-250m), ireactor ephumayo kufanele ikhethwe.
2. Indawo yokufakwa kwe-low-voltage frequency converter
Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi izinga lokuhluleka kweziguquli zefrikhwensi likhuphuka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, ikakhulukazi uma lizwela izinga lokushisa, umswakama, nothuli. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha indawo yokufaka, kuyadingeka ukukhetha indawo enezinga lokushisa elilawulekayo, umswakama, nothuli oluphansi.
(1) Izinga lokushisa lendawo ezungezile
Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, kutholwe ukuthi iziguquli zefrikhwensi zifanele ukusebenza ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa angaphansi noma alingana no-35 degrees Celsius, ngaphandle kwalokho uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, amandla omthwalo we-frequency converter ayancipha.
(2) Umswakama wendawo
Uma umswakama ozungezile uphezulu, i-inverter ijwayele ukufingqa ngaphakathi, okungabangela kalula izingozi zesifunda esifushane. Ngakho-ke, kufanele silawule umswakama wemvelo we-converter frequency.
(3) Indawo yothuli
Iziguquli zemvamisa kufanele zisetshenziswe ezindaweni ezinothuli ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba ukunqwabelana kothuli kungabangela amasekhethi amafushane kanye nokulimala ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi zesiguquli sefrikhwensi.
4. Amaphutha ajwayelekile kanye nezixazululo ze-low-voltage frequency converters
1. Ayikwazi ukuqala
Isizathu: Kubangelwa inertia yokujikeleza ngokweqile noma i-torque yomthwalo.
Isixazululo: Khulisa imvamisa yokuqala netorque ngokufanele, bese uhlola izilungiselelo zokuvikela.
2. Ukukhubeka kwe-overvoltage
Isizathu: Ibangelwa amandla kagesi aphezulu noma isikhathi esifushane sokwehla.
Isixazululo: Hlola ukuthi isimo sokusebenza sijwayelekile.
3. Ukugcwala
Isizathu: Umthamo wokulayisha ngokweqile we-inverter ene-voltage ephansi umpofu uma kuqhathaniswa noma izilungiselelo zepharamitha yemoto azinangqondo.
Isixazululo: Hlola isekethe yangaphakathi yokuthola kanye nezilungiselelo zepharamitha yesiguquli sefrikhwensi.