Abahlinzeki bedivayisi yempendulo yamandla bakukhumbuza ukuthi ngenxa yezimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi zokudluliswa kwamandla kagesi, izinjini zikagesi zivame ukusebenza kuzo zombili izikhombisi-ndlela eziya phambili neziya emuva, ngokuvamile esimweni sokusebenza okugcwele kakhulu kanye nokushintshashintsha okuqhubekayo phakathi kukagesi nokubhuleka; Ukuphepha nokwethembeka kwayo nakho kubalulekile. Ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa yamamotho e-AC buye baba yinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi zokulawulwa kwesivinini se-AC asynchronous motor sekuwubuchwepheshe obubaluleke kakhulu bokonga amandla ekulawuleni isivinini semoto.
Ukulawulwa kwesivinini sokuxhumana kushintshile kusukela ekulawulweni kwesivinini sokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi we-stator, ukulawulwa kwesivinini sochungechunge lwesilonda se-rotor, ukulawulwa kwesivinini se-electromagnetic slip clutch ngeminyaka yawo-1970 kuya kumthethonqubo wesivinini esishintshashintshayo ngawo-1980s, futhi ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene sebufinyelele esigabeni esisebenzayo. Ngokukhula kokuthembeka kanye nentengo ephansi yokulawula isivinini se-AC, ukufaka esikhundleni sokulawula isivinini se-DC sekuphenduke inkambiso engenakugwenywa.
1. Isiguquli semvamisa nokongiwa kwamandla
Lapho ulawula isivinini esingaphansi kwemvamisa eyisisekelo yama-asynchronous motors, indlela yokulawula ene-voltage frequency ratio engashintshi kanye nesinxephezelo se-stator voltage drop drop ivame ukwamukelwa; Uma isivinini silungiswa ngaphezu kwemvamisa eyisisekelo, indlela yokulawula ye-voltage engaguquki kanye nemvamisa eguquguqukayo ivame ukwamukelwa. Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zimo ezimbili ezingenhla, i-voltage eguquguqukayo kanye nezici zokulawula isivinini esishintshashintshayo zamamotho asynchronous zingatholakala. Ngokuvumelana ne-algorithm ye-DIT, ngokomgomo wokulinganisa, uma u-x (n) ehlukaniswa waba amaqembu amabili esizindeni sesikhathi, khona-ke esizindeni semvamisa, u-X (k) uzokwakha amaqembu amasampula angajwayelekile, akhe esinye isakhiwo se-FFT esivame ukusetshenziswa esibizwa nge-frequency-domain sampling FFT (DIF-FFT) algorithm. Njengoba yahlongozwa okokuqala nguSande noTurky, yaziwa nangokuthi iSande Turky algorithm.
Isekhethi yokubhuleka kusiguquli semvamisa yomhlaba wonke yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokubhuleka zamamotho asynchronous. Kuhlelo oluguquguqukayo lwe-frequency drive, ukuze wehlise ijubane futhi umise i-asynchronous motor, indlela yokunciphisa kancane kancane imvamisa yokuphuma kwe-universal frequency converter ingasetshenziswa ukwehlisa isivinini esivumelanayo se-asynchronous motor, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe inhloso yokwehlisa isivinini semoto. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokunciphisa i-asynchronous motor, ngenxa yejubane lokuvumelanisa liphansi kunejubane langempela le-asynchronous motor, isigaba samanje se-rotor sizohlehliswa, okubangela ukuthi i-asynchronous motor ikhiqize i-torque yokubhuleka, okungukuthi, esimweni sokuvuselela kabusha. Kumaconverter avamile naphakathi nendawo amakhulu naphakathi, ukuze wonge amandla, iyunithi yokuvuselela amandla ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukubuyisela amandla angenhla ekunikezeni amandla. Eziguqulini zomthamo omncane we-universal frequency, isekethe yokubhuleka ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa impendulo yamandla evela kumotho engavumelanisi kusekethe yokubhuleka. Kobunjiniyela, ukwelashwa kwamandla okubhuleka okuvuselelayo ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi izindlela ezifana nesitoreji, impendulo kugridi yamandla, nokukhishwa kokumelana, kuye ngomthamo nezimo zokusetshenziswa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi evamile.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini esiguquguqukayo ku-Electrical Automation Control
2.1. Izici Zokulawula Isivinini Esishintshashintshayo
Wonke amadivayisi we-Cyclone II asebenzisa ama-wafer angu-300mm futhi akhiqizwa ngokusekelwe ku-TSMC 90nm, izinqubo eziphansi-K zokuqinisekisa isivinini esikhulu nezindleko eziphansi. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezifunda ze-silicon ezincishisiwe, amadivayisi ochungechunge lwe-Cyclone II angakwazi ukusekela amasistimu edijithali ayinkimbinkimbi nge-chip eyodwa kuphela, ngezindleko ezilingana nesekethe ehlanganisiwe ezinikele. Iziguquli zefrikhwensi ezisebenza kahle emhlabeni wonke zinezakhiwo ezimbalwa zehadiwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukene zobunjiniyela: iziguquli ezizimele ezizimele, iziguquli ezijwayelekile zamabhasi e-DC, neziguquli zefrikhwensi ezinamayunithi empendulo yamandla. Isiguquli esizimele siwuhlobo lwesiguquli sefrikhwensi esibeka iyunithi yokulungisa kabusha neyunithi yokuguqula endaweni eyodwa. Njengamanje iyisiguquli sefrikhwensi esisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile sishayela kuphela injini kagesi eyodwa, esetshenziselwa imithwalo evamile yezimboni. Indlela yokumisa esetshenzisiwe iyinhlanganisela ye-JTAG ne-AS, ngakho-ke umjikelezo wokulungiselela kufanele uhlangabezane nezidingo zokucushwa kwe-AS ne-JTAG. I-chip yokumisa isebenzisa i-EPCS1. Ngokwendlela ethile yokuxhuma kanye nezici zokuphina zendlela yokumisa eshiwo ngenhla. Uma ushayela imithwalo enjengamakheshi, amakheshi, nezigayo ezijikayo ezihlehliswayo ezineziguquli zefrikhwensi yamazwe ngamazwe asebenza kahle kakhulu, kudingeka ukusebenza kwamaquadrant amane, ngakho-ke iyunithi yempendulo yamandla kufanele ilungiselelwe. Umsebenzi weyunithi yempendulo yamandla uwukubuyisela amandla okuvuselela akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokubhuleka kwenjini kagesi kugridi yamandla.
2.2. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Vaable Frequency Speed Control Technology ku-Industrial Electrical Automation Control
(1) Iyunithi yemodeli ye-Adaptive motor. Umsebenzi weyunithi yemodeli yemoto eguquguqukayo ukukhomba ngokuzenzakalelayo amapharamitha ayisisekelo enjini ngokuthola amandla kagesi kanye nokokufaka kwamanje enjini. Le modeli ye-motor iyiyunithi eyinhloko yokulawula i-torque eqondile. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni, uma ukunemba kokulawula isivinini kungaphezu kuka-0.5%, impendulo yesivinini esivaliwe ingasetshenziswa.
(2) Isifanisi se-torque nesifanisi sikazibuthe esigelezayo. Umsebenzi walolu hlobo lwesiqhathanisi uwukuqhathanisa inani lempendulo nenani lereferensi njalo ngama-20ms, futhi ukhiphe isimo setorque noma inkambu kazibuthe ngokusebenzisa isilawuli se-hysteresis esinamaphoyinti amabili.
(3) Isikhethi sokuthuthukisa i-Pulse. Sikhethe i-chip ye-Cyclone II EP2C5Q208C8 ukuze sicubungule ulwazi, sase siklama ukuqaliswa kwe-FPGA komthombo wesignali wokushintshwa kwe-OFDM. Sibhale umjikelezo onamamojula amahlanu, ikakhulukazi sisebenzisa imephu yezinkanyezi ze-FFT, Ukufaka isiqalo somjikelezo, imojuli yebhafa, kanye nemisebenzi ye-D/A, umthombo wesiginali we-OFDM waklanywa, futhi imisebenzi yemojuli ngayinye yalingisa futhi yaqinisekiswa. Ekugcineni, umthombo wesiginali we-OFDM waqedwa, okuhlanganisa ukulingisa isofthiwe nokuqinisekiswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ze-FPGA. Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka okuphawulekayo kumthamo wama-electrolytic capacitor, azothola ama-voltage angalingani. Ngakho-ke, i-resistor yokulinganisa i-voltage enenani elilinganayo lokumelana ixhunywe ngokuhambisana ne-capacitor ngayinye ukuze kuqedwe ithonya lokuhlukahluka. Ukuze uvimbele imanje ukushaja (i-surge current) egeleza ku-capacitor ekushiseni isekethe yesilungisi futhi ibangele eminye imithelela lapho ugesi uvuliwe, izinyathelo zokucindezela amandla okwandayo nazo zengezwa kusiyingi sesitoreji.
Ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyizindlela ezibalulekile zokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi ukunciphisa izindleko kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kokwengeza lawa mamojula asebenzayo, kuyadingeka futhi ukuqhubeka nokwandisa umklamo oqediwe phakathi nenqubo yokuklama, uthuthukise ukusebenza nokulondoloza izinsiza, ukuze kuzuzwe lonke uhlelo ngaphakathi kwe-chip eyodwa ye-FPGA, kuzuzwe imiphumela ebalulekile yokonga amandla, nokuthuthukisa izimo zenqubo.