Masu samar da na'urorin ceton makamashi na elevator suna tunatar da ku cewa, tare da ci gaba da inganta wayar da kan muhalli, kiyaye makamashi da kare muhalli sun zama wani muhimmin manufar kasa da ke da ma'ana mai amfani da kasar Sin ta ba da shawarar. A cikin masana'antar lif ta yau da ke ƙara yin gasa, ɗaukar sabbin fasahohi, saurin gudu, da nauyi masu nauyi sune fitattun abubuwan da ke nuna fa'idodin samfur. Duk da haka, ba za a iya musanta cewa fa'idodin tattalin arziki da muhalli na lif bayan an yi amfani da su su ma abubuwan da dole ne a yi la'akari da su yayin siyan lif.
1、 Asalin Tsarin da Matsayin Aiki na Elevators
1. Tsarin asali na elevator
A zamanin yau, lif sun ƙunshi tsarin na'ura, tsarin jagora, tsarin mota, da tsarin kofa. Kunshe tsarin ma'auni na nauyi, tsarin tuki na lantarki, tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki, tsarin kariyar aminci, da sauransu. Ana shigar da waɗannan sassa a cikin shaft da ɗakin injin na ginin bi da bi. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da watsa igiyoyin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, tare da igiya na ƙarfe na ƙarfe a kewayen motar motsa jiki da haɗa mota da counterweight a ƙarshen biyu. Injin jan hankali yana tuka motar motsi don ɗagawa da runtse motar.
2. Nazari game da matsayin aikin elevator:
Lokacin da lif ya tashi zuwa sama, yana cinye makamashi, kuma idan lif ya sauko daga wani wuri mai tsayi, yakan saki makamashi. lodin da na'urar jagwalgwala a cikin lif ya ƙunshi motar fasinja da kuma kiba. Domin daidaita nauyin ja, su biyun suna daidaitawa ne kawai lokacin da aka ƙara nauyin motar zuwa kashi 50% na nauyin da aka ƙididdige shi (misali, hawan fasinja mai nauyin 1050kg yana da kimanin fasinjoji 7). Kodayake wannan motsi yana canza kololuwar wurin amfani da makamashi, ba zai iya canza matsakaicin yawan kuzarin da ake amfani da shi ba. A zahirin amfani, yawan abin da ya faru na nauyin kiba ya yi ƙasa kaɗan, saboda nauyin motar da nauyin fasinjoji daidai yake da nauyin kima. Don haka yanayin aikin hawan hawa yana cikin yanayin rashin daidaito, kuma yana iya yiwuwa motar ta sauko yayin da fasinjoji da yawa, kuma ta sake tashi lokacin da babu fasinja. Idan yanayi na farko ya faru a lokacin da aka saki makamashi mai karfin nauyi na fasinjoji, kuma yanayi na biyu yana faruwa lokacin da aka saki makamashi mai karfin nauyi na counterweight, saboda tasirin yuwuwar nauyin, gudun yana da girma fiye da saurin daidaitawa, wato, lokacin da n> a'a, da zamewa s = (no - n) / babu <0, na'ura mai juyi haifar da wutar lantarki, da wutar lantarki ta mayar da wutar lantarki zuwa wutar lantarki. T alkibla ya saba wa alkiblar gudu. Motar ba wai kawai tana ciyar da makamashin lantarki bane, amma kuma tana haifar da juzu'in birki na inji akan shaft. Maganar ita ce:. Duk da haka, saboda rashin jujjuyawar da'irar gyara AC/DC na mai sauya mitar lif, wutar da aka samar ba za a iya ciyar da ita zuwa grid ba, wanda hakan ya haifar da karuwar wutar lantarki a bangarorin biyu na babban capacitor na kewaye da kuma samar da "fasa wutar lantarki". Gabaɗaya, mitar mitoci masu canzawa suna amfani da resistors don cinye makamashin lantarki da aka adana a cikin capacitors don hana wuce gona da iri. A lokacin aikin lif, wadannan resistors suna fitar da zafi mai yawa (tare da zafin jiki sama da 100 ℃), kuma wannan barnar da makamashi ya kai kashi 25% zuwa 45% na yawan wutar lantarkin da ake amfani da shi. Yin amfani da makamashi na resistors ba kawai yana rage ingancin tsarin ba, har ma yana haifar da babban adadin zafi wanda ke hanzarta kwararar ƙura a cikin iska na ɗakin injin, yana adsorb wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci, kuma yana tasiri sosai ga yanayin da ke kewaye da majalisar kula da lif. A lokaci guda kuma, haɓakar zafin jiki zai rage rayuwar sabis na ainihin abubuwan haɓaka na lif, kuma za a ci gaba da tsufa da gazawar abubuwan. Domin rage zafin da ke cikin dakin kwamfutar zuwa yanayin daki da kuma hana rashin aiki na elevator sakamakon yanayin zafi.masu amfani suna buƙatar shigar da kwandishan ko magoya baya tare da babban adadin shaye-shaye; A cikin dakunan injin da ke da babban ƙarfin ɗagawa, na'urori masu sanyaya iska da magoya baya sau da yawa suna buƙatar farawa lokaci guda. Ka sanya lif da na'urar sanyaya iska su zama mafi yawan makamashin da ke cinye "damisar wutar lantarki".
2. Ƙa'idar aiki na na'urar amsa makamashi ta elevator
Don adana makamashi a cikin lif, maɓalli shine a yi amfani da makamashin lantarki da na'urar jan hankali ke samarwa yayin samar da wutar lantarki. Energyarfin da ke haifar da birki yana juyawa zuwa wutar AC ta hanyar jujjuyawar, ana ba da shi zuwa wasu kayan aikin lantarki, ko kuma a dawo da shi zuwa grid ɗin wuta. Inversion makamashi gabaɗaya yana kusan kashi 85%, kuma yawan kuzarin da ake amfani da shi na birking resistor da aka ambata a sama ya kai kashi 25% zuwa 45% na jimlar yawan wutar lantarkin na lif. Idan bene ya fi girma ko kuma saurin hawan hawan ya yi sauri, tasirin mayar da martani na makamashin lantarki zai fi fitowa fili. Babban tsarin da'ira na tsarin mayar da martani na makamashi ya ƙunshi mafi yawan abubuwan da suka haɗa da capacitors masu tacewa, cikakkun gadoji na IGBT guda uku, jerin inductor, da da'irori na gefe. Ƙarshen shigarwar tsarin amsawar makamashi na elevator yana haɗe zuwa gefen bas na DC na mai sauya mitar lif, kuma an haɗa ƙarshen fitarwa zuwa gefen grid. Lokacin da na'ura mai jujjuyawar lif ke aiki a yanayin lantarki, duk maɓallan tsarin amsawar makamashi suna cikin kashewa. Lokacin da injin juzu'i ke aiki a yanayin samar da wutar lantarki, wutar lantarkin famfo a gefen motar bas na DC na mai sauya mitar yana ƙaruwa kuma ya gamu da wasu yanayin jujjuyawar. Bayan haka, tsarin amsawar makamashi ya fara aiki. Yayin da ake mayar da makamashin da ke kan DC ɗin zuwa grid, ƙarfin motar bas ɗin DC yana raguwa har sai ya faɗi baya ga ƙimar da aka saita, kuma tsarin ya daina aiki.
Inverter mai aiki wanda ke juyar da wutar lantarki ta DC zuwa wutar lantarki ta AC shine jigon martanin makamashin elevator. Manufar ita ce ta mayar da martani ga makamashin lantarki da na'ura mai jujjuyawar ke samarwa yayin samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar inverter, samun nasarar kiyaye makamashi da kuma guje wa gurɓatawar wutar lantarki da ke haifar da fitarwar inverter. Don haka a cikin aiwatar da martanin makamashin da aka samar ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki, dole ne a cika sharuddan sarrafawa guda huɗu dangane da lokaci, ƙarfin lantarki, da na yanzu:
a) Ba za a iya fara tsarin ba a hankali. Na'urar inverter za ta fara ne kawai da samar da martanin makamashi lokacin da wutar lantarkin bas na DC ya wuce ƙimar da aka saita;
b) Mai jujjuya halin yanzu dole ne ya dace da buƙatun ikon amsawa kuma ba zai iya wuce iyakar halin yanzu da na'urar inverter ta yarda ba;
c) Tsarin inverter yana buƙatar daidaitawa tare da lokaci na grid na wutar lantarki, kuma amsawar makamashi zuwa grid ɗin wutar lantarki ya kamata ya kasance a babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na grid;
d) Rage gurɓatar wutar lantarki ta hanyar inverter kamar yadda zai yiwu.
3. Hardware Design na Elevator Energy Feedback System
1. Power inverter kewaye
A cikin da'irar wutar lantarki, halin yanzu kai tsaye da aka adana a gefen motar bas na DC na mai sauya mitar lif yayin aikin na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi a cikin yanayin samar da wutar lantarki yana jujjuya zuwa madaidaicin halin yanzu ta hanyar sarrafa kunnawa / kashe na'urar. Shi ne babban da'irar tsarin amsawar makamashi na elevator, wanda ke da tsari daban-daban bisa ga nau'ikan nau'ikan inverter daban-daban. Ta hanyar sarrafa kunnawa/kashe na kunnawa, wutar DC da aka adana a gefen motar bas na DC na mai sauya mitar lif yayin aikin na'ura a cikin yanayin samar da wutar lantarki yana juyewa zuwa wutar AC. A cikin da'irar, manyan na'urori na sama da na ƙasa a kan hannun gada ɗaya ba za su iya gudanar da su lokaci guda ba, kuma ana sarrafa lokacin gudanarwa da tsawon kowane abu bisa ga tsarin sarrafa inverter.
2. Wurin aiki tare da Grid
Ikon aiki tare na lokaci yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ko lif zai iya ba da amsa ga kuzari yadda yakamata akan bas ɗin DC zuwa grid ɗin wuta. Da'irar aiki tare na grid tana ɗaukar aiki tare da wutar lantarki ta layin grid, kuma don gujewa tasirin yankin da ya mutu yayin motsi, ana sarrafa maɓalli a digiri 120 akan hannun gada ɗaya. Dangantakar ma'ana tsakanin siginar aiki tare na grid da siginar ƙetare sifili na grid ɗin wutar lantarki ana samun su ta hanyar kwatancen, kuma alaƙar da ke tsakanin siginar aiki tare na grid na kowace na'ura mai sauyawa da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ana samun ta ta hanyar simintin Multisim. Kowane maɓalli yana da kusurwar aiki na digiri 120 kuma an raba shi da digiri 60 a jere. A kowane lokaci, kawai bututu biyu masu sauyawa a cikin gadar inverter suna aiki, suna tabbatar da aminci da ingantaccen aiki. Bugu da ƙari, kowane maɓalli guda biyu suna aiki a cikin mafi girman kewayon wutar lantarki na layin grid, yana haifar da ingantaccen inverter.
3. Wutar gano wutar lantarki
Saboda yawan wutar lantarki da ke gefen motar motar DC na na'urar sauya wutar lantarki, ya zama dole a fara amfani da resistors don rarraba wutar lantarki, sannan a ware da rage karfin bas din ta hanyar firikwensin wutar lantarki na Hall, sannan a canza shi zuwa siginar ƙarancin wuta. A cikin da'irar sarrafa wutar lantarki, ana ɗaukar hanyar kulawar bin diddigin hysteresis, wanda ke ƙara tabbataccen ra'ayi akan ma'aunin kwatancen kuma yana ba da ƙimar kwatancen kwatancen guda biyu, wato babba da ƙananan ƙimar kofa. Ana aiwatar da da'irori na hardware, sarrafawa duka sauri ne kuma daidai. Da'irar gano wutar lantarki ba wai kawai zai iya guje wa babban matsayi na sigina na tsangwama a kan siginar wutar lantarki ba, yana haifar da yanayin fitarwa na mai kwatanta girgiza, amma kuma ya hana tsarin amsawar kuzari daga farawa da rufewa akai-akai.
4. Da'irar sarrafa ganowa na yanzu
A cikin aiwatar da amsawar makamashi, na yanzu dole ne ya cika buƙatun wutar lantarki, kuma ƙarfin da aka dawo da shi zuwa grid dole ne ya zama mafi girma ko daidai da matsakaicin ƙarfin lokacin da injin jan hankali yake cikin yanayin haɓakawa, in ba haka ba raguwar ƙarfin lantarki akan bas ɗin DC zai ci gaba da tashi. Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki na grid ɗin wutar lantarki ya kasance akai-akai, ƙarfin amsawar makamashi na tsarin yana ƙayyade ta hanyar halin yanzu. Bugu da kari, ra'ayin halin yanzu dole ne a iyakance shi a cikin kewayon kewayon na'urar sauya wutar inverter. Haka kuma, reactance shake tsakanin wutar lantarki grid da inverter damar manyan igiyoyi su wuce ta yayin da rage girman da reactor. Don haka, inductance na reactor dole ne ya zama ƙaramin ƙima don tabbatar da martanin makamashi. Gudun canjin halin yanzu yana da sauri sosai. A lokaci guda ta yin amfani da kulawar hysteresis na yanzu yana iya sarrafa yadda ake sarrafa martani na yanzu da kuma hana aukuwar haɗari.
5. Main kula da kewaye
Ƙungiyar sarrafawa ta tsakiya na tsarin amsawar makamashi na elevator shine babban da'irar sarrafawa, wanda ake amfani dashi don sarrafa aikin gabaɗayan tsarin. Babban da'irar sarrafawa ta ƙunshi microcontroller da da'irori na gefe, waɗanda ke haifar da madaidaicin raƙuman ruwa na PWM dangane da algorithms sarrafawa; A gefe guda, dangane da siginar aiki tare na grid, kula da kuskuren IPM yana tabbatar da aminci da ingantaccen aiwatar da duk tsarin amsawar makamashi.
6. Logic kariya kula da kewaye
Siginar daidaitawa don haɗin grid, siginar sarrafawa don ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu, siginar kuskure na IPM, da fitar da siginar fitarwa daga babban da'irar sarrafawa duk suna buƙatar wucewa ta hanyar da'irar kariyar dabaru don aiki mai ma'ana, kuma a ƙarshe za a aika zuwa da'irar wutar lantarki don sarrafa tsarin amsawa. Ta wannan hanyar, zai iya tabbatar da cewa fitarwar wutar AC daga inverter yana aiki tare da grid, sannan kuma ya toshe siginar tuƙi idan akwai kurakuran wuce gona da iri, overvoltage, rashin ƙarfi, da kuma kuskuren IPM a cikin kewayawa, yana dakatar da tsarin amsawar kuzari.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa tsarin amsawar makamashi na elevator yana farawa ne kawai a lokacin da na'ura mai juyayi ke cikin yanayin samar da wutar lantarki, rayuwar sabis ɗin ta ya fi na lif. Daga wannan, ana iya ganin cewa aikace-aikacen tsarin amsawar makamashi na elevator, dangane da ka'idoji, tasirin ceton makamashi, da aiki, ya cancanci haɓakawa da ƙarfi a cikin yanayin ƙarancin makamashi na yau. Wannan ba wai kawai ya samar da yanayi mai kyau da koren kare makamashi ba, har ma da amsa kiran kasar da gwamnati na kiyaye makamashi da rage yawan amfani da makamashi, da gina al'umma mai dogaro da kai, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kokarin kiyaye makamashi da rage fitar da iska a kasar.