Abahlinzeki bemishini esekela i-frequency converter bakukhumbuza ukuthi iziguquli zefrikhwensi zisetshenziswe kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni namuhla. Izisetshenziswa ezilawulwa iziguquli zemvamisa zingonga kakhulu amandla ngokwezinga elithile, ngaleyo ndlela zizuze ukuthandwa ngabakhi abaningi bezimboni.
Ukuze kuzuzwe izici ezifana nokupaka okuthambile, ukuqala okuthambile, ukulawulwa kwesivinini esingenasinyathelo, noma izidingo ezikhethekile zokwandisa noma ukwehlisa isivinini, idivayisi yokulawula isivinini ebizwa ngokuthi i-frequency converter iyadingeka kumamotho esimanje asynchronous. Isekhethi eyinhloko yedivayisi isebenzisa amasekhethi e-AC-DC-AC anemvamisa yokusebenza engu-0-400Hz. I-voltage ephumayo ye-low-voltage universal frequency converter ingu-380-460V, namandla okukhiphayo ngu-0.37-400kW.
Khetha isiguquli sefrikhwensi esiphusile
Izinkinga eziphakama ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kweziguquli zemvamisa, njengokusebenza okungavamile, ukwehluleka kwemishini, njll., okuholela ekumisweni kokukhiqiza kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okungadingekile, kuvame ukubangelwa ukukhethwa okungalungile nokufakwa kweziguquli zemvamisa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukhetha isiguquli semvamisa yokonga futhi esisebenzayo esingahlangabezana kangcono nezimo eziyisisekelo kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza nenqubo.
Njengento eyinhloko yokushayela yesiguquli semvamisa, injini kufanele ikhethwe ukuze ihambisane nemingcele yokusebenza yemoto lapho kukhethwa uhlobo lwesiguquli semvamisa.
(1) Ukumadanisa i-voltage: I-voltage elinganiselwe yesiguquli sefrikhwensi ifana ne-voltage yomthwalo wenjini.
(2) Ukufanisa kwamanje: Umthamo wesiguquli sefrikhwensi sincike ekuphumeni kwamanje okulinganiselwe okuqhubekayo ngesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Lapho ukhetha isiguquli semvamisa samamotho adinga ukulawulwa kwesivinini, kuyadingeka ukukhetha isiguquli semvamisa esinomthamo oqhubekayo okalwe mkhulu kunowamanje olinganiselwe wemoto lapho usebenza kumapharamitha akaliwe, kanye nemajini yobuningi; Kuma-converter avamile anezigxobo ezingaphezu kwezi-4, ukukhetha akukwazi ukusekelwe kumthamo wemoto, kodwa ngokwezinga lamanje lokuqinisekisa isihlalo semoto; Ngisho noma umthwalo emotweni ulula uma kuqhathaniswa futhi owamanje ungaphansi kwesilinganiso samanje se-converter frequency, isiguquli esikhethiwe asikwazi ukuba sincane kakhulu ngomthamo uma siqhathaniswa nenjini.
(3) Ukumadanisa amandla: Kuye ngezici ezihlukene zomthwalo wemoto, kunezidingo ezihlukene zokukhetha umthamo wesiguquli semvamisa.
Indlela yokulawula ye-frequency converter
Izindlela zokulawula eziyinhloko zeziguquli zemvamisa okwamanje zifaka okulandelayo.
(1) Isizukulwane sokuqala sasebenzisa ukulawula kwe-U/f=C, eyaziwa nangokuthi indlela yokulawula i-sine pulse width modulation (SPWM). Izici zayo zihlanganisa isakhiwo sesifunda sokulawula esilula, izindleko eziphansi, izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini kanye nobulukhuni, obungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulawulwa kwejubane elibushelelezi lokudluliswa okujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokulawula inciphisa i-torque ephezulu kakhulu kumafrikhwensi aphansi ngenxa ye-voltage ephansi yokuphumayo, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuzinza ngesivinini esiphansi. Isici sayo siwukuthi ngaphandle kwedivayisi yempendulo, isilinganiso sejubane ni singaphansi kuka-1/40, futhi ngempendulo, ni=1/60. Ifanele abalandeli abajwayelekile namaphampu.
(2) Isizukulwane sesibili sisebenzisa i-voltage space vector control (indlela magnetic flux trajectory), eyaziwa nangokuthi indlela yokulawula ye-SVPWM. Isekelwe kuwo wonke umphumela wokukhiqiza wamagagasi ezigaba ezintathu, ikhiqiza ama-wave modulation ezigaba ezintathu ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi iwalawule ngokusika amapholigoni ukuze acishe abe yimibuthano. Ukuze kuqedwe ithonya lokumelana ne-stator ngesivinini esiphansi, i-voltage ephumayo kanye ne-current ivaliwe iluphu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba okuguquguqukayo nokuzinza. Izici zayo: akukho divayisi yempendulo, isilinganiso sejubane ni=1/100, ifanele ukulawulwa kwesivinini embonini evamile.
(3) Isizukulwane sesithathu sisebenzisa indlela yokulawula i-vector (VC). Umkhuba wokulawula i-vector variable frequency speed regulation ulinganisa injini ye-AC nemoto ye-DC, futhi ulawula ngokuzimela isivinini kanye nezingxenye zensimu kazibuthe. Ngokulawula i-rotor magnetic flux kanye nokubola kwe-stator yamanje ukuze uthole izingxenye ezimbili, i-torque kanye ne-magnetic field, i-orthogonal noma i-decoupled control ingafinyelelwa ngokuxhumanisa ukuguqulwa. Izici zayo: isilinganiso sejubane ni=1/100 ngaphandle kwempendulo, ni=1/1000 enempendulo, kanye ne-torque yokuqala engu-150% ngesivinini esiyiziro. Kungabonakala ukuthi le ndlela iyasebenza kukho konke ukulawula isivinini, futhi uma ifakwe impendulo, ifanele ukulawulwa kokudlulisela okunembayo okuphezulu.
(4) Indlela ye-Direct Torque Control (DTC). Ukulawulwa kwe-torque eqondile (i-DTC) kungenye imodi yokulawula isivinini esishintshashintshayo esebenza kahle kakhulu ehlukile kulawulo lwe-vector (VC). Thola idatha ye-magnetic flux ne-torque usebenzisa amamodeli wokulingisa kazibuthe kanye namamodeli wetorque kagesi, uwaqhathanise namanani anikeziwe ukuze ukhiqize amasiginali wesimo sokuqhathaniswa kwe-hysteresis, bese ushintsha isimo sokushintsha ngokulawula okunengqondo ukuze uzuze ukulawula okuguquguqukayo okuhlala njalo kukakazibuthe nokulawula itorque kagesi. Akudingi ukulingisa isilawuli semoto ye-DC, futhi lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswe ngempumelelo kudrayivu ye-AC yezitimela zikagesi ezidonsayo. Izici zayo: ngaphandle kwedivayisi yempendulo, isilinganiso sejubane ni=1/100, nempendulo ni=1/1000, kanye netorque yokuqala ingafinyelela ku-150% kuya ku-200% ngesivinini esiyiziro. Ifanele ukuqala komsebenzi osindayo kanye nemithwalo emikhulu enokuguquguquka okungaguquki kwe-torque.
Izidingo zendawo yokufaka
(1) Izinga lokushisa lendawo: Izinga lokushisa lemvelo lesiguquli sefrikhwensi lisho izinga lokushisa eliseduze nesigaba esiphambanayo sesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Ngenxa yokuthi iziguquli zefrikhwensi zakhiwe ikakhulukazi izinto zikagesi ezinamandla amakhulu ezingenwa kalula izinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokuphila nokuthembeka kweziguquli zefrikhwensi kuncike kakhulu ezingeni lokushisa, ngokuvamile elisukela ku -10 ℃ ukuya +40 ℃. Ukwengeza, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukuchithwa kokushisa kwesiguquli semvamisa ngokwayo kanye nezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezingase zenzeke endaweni ezungezile, futhi i-margin ethile iyadingeka ngokujwayelekile ekushiseni.
(2) Umswakama wemvelo: Isiguquli sefrikhwensi sidinga umswakama ohlobene ongekho ngaphezu kwama-90% endaweni yawo eyizungezile (ngaphandle kokujiya phezulu).
(3) Ukudlidliza nokushaqeka: Ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokusebenza kwesiguquli samaza, kufanele kunakwe ukuze kugwenywe ukudlidliza nokushaqeka. Ukuze ugweme ukuxhuma amajoyinti e-solder nezingxenye ezixegayo zezingxenye zangaphakathi zesiguquli sefrikhwensi, okungase kubangele ukuthintana kahle kukagesi noma amaphutha amakhulu njengamasekhethi amafushane. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukudingeka ukuthi ukusheshisa kokudlidliza kwendawo yokufaka kukhawulelwe ngaphansi kuka-0.6g, futhi izinyathelo zokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba njengenjoloba emunca ukushaqeka zingangezwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile.
(4) Indawo yokufaka: Isilinganiso esiphezulu esivumelekile esiphumayo samanje kanye ne-voltage yesiguquli sefrikhwensi sithintwa amandla aso okukhipha ukushisa. Uma ukuphakama kudlula u-1000m, amandla okukhipha ukushisa kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi azokwehla, ngakho-ke isiguquli sefrikhwensi ngokuvamile sidingeka ukuthi sifakwe ngaphansi kuka-1000m ukuphakama.
(5) Izidingo ezijwayelekile zendawo yokufaka isiguquli sefrikhwensi yilezi: akukho ukugqwala, akukho magesi avuthayo noma aqhumayo noma uketshezi; Izintambo ezingenalo uthuli, ezintantayo kanye nezinhlayiya zensimbi; Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile; Akukho ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.
Ucwaningo lokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo njengamanje wumsebenzi osebenza kakhulu futhi obaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lokudluliswa kukagesi. Amandla embonini yokuguqula ama-frequency makhulu, njengoba asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nezipholile, amakheshi, i-metallurgy, nemishini. Amamotho alawula isivinini esishintshashintshayo kanye neziguquli zawo ezihambisana nawo azokhula ngokushesha.