Abahlinzeki beyunithi yempendulo yezamandla bakukhumbuza ukuthi ngokuthuthuka kwenkathi yezimboni, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini esishintshashintshayo sebuphenduke inkomba ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje bokudluliswa kwamandla. Njengomongo wesistimu yokulawula isivinini esishintshashintshayo, ukusebenza kwesiguquli semvamisa kuya ngokuya kuba yisici esinqumayo sokusebenza kokulawula isivinini. Ngaphezu kwezimo "zangaphakathi" zenqubo yokukhiqiza yesiguquli semvamisa ngokwayo, indlela yokulawula eyamukelwe isiguquli semvamisa nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi
1. Kuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lokuphakelwa kukagesi kwe-DC:
a. Isiguquli sefrikhwensi yohlobo lwamanje Isici sohlobo lwamanje lwesiguquli sefrikhwensi ukuthi i-inductor enkulu isetshenziswa njengesixhumanisi sokugcina amandla esiphakathi nendawo ye-DC isixhumanisi sokuvula amandla asebenzayo, okungukuthi, ukucindezela ukushintsha kwamandla nokwenza i-voltage isondele kumagagasi e-sine. Ngenxa yokumelana okuphezulu kwangaphakathi kwalesi sixhumanisi se-DC, sibizwa ngokuthi isiguquli sohlobo lwamanje lomthombo (uhlobo lwamanje). Isici (inzuzo) yohlobo lwamanje lwe-frequency converter ukuthi ingacindezela izinguquko ezivamile nezisheshayo kumthamo wamanje. Isetshenziswa kaningi ezimweni lapho umthwalo wamanje ushintsha kakhulu;
b. Isiguquli sefrikhwensi yohlobo lwe-voltage Isici sohlobo lwe-voltage frequency converter ukuthi isici sokugcina amandla esiphakathi nendawo ye-DC sisebenzisa i-capacitor enkulu, evimba amandla asebenzayo omthwalo. I-voltage ye-DC izinzile uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwamandla kagesi e-DC kuncane, kulingana nomthombo kagesi. Ngakho-ke, kubizwa ngokuthi i-voltage type frequency converter futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni lapho i-voltage yomthwalo ishintsha kakhulu.
2. Ihlukaniswa ngemodi yokusebenza yesekethe enkulu:
a. Isiguquli sefrikhwensi yohlobo lwe-voltage. Kusiguquli sefrikhwensi yohlobo lwe-voltage, isekethe ephindayo noma isekethe ye-chopper ikhiqiza amandla kagesi e-DC adingwa isekethe ye-inverter, futhi iyikhiphe ngemva kokushelela nge-capacitor yesekethe emaphakathi ye-DC; Isekhethi yokulungisa kabusha kanye nesekethe emaphakathi ye-DC isebenza njengemithombo kagesi ye-DC. Ukukhishwa kwamandla kagesi e-DC ngomthombo we-voltage kuguqulwa ku-voltage ye-AC nefrikhwensi edingekayo kusekethe ye-inverter;
b. Isiguquli sohlobo lwamanje. Kusiguquli sefrikhwensi yohlobo lwamanje, isekethe elungisa kabusha ihlinzeka ngesimanje esiqondile futhi ibushelelezi yamanje ngokusabela kwesekethe emaphakathi ngaphambi kokuyikhipha. Isekhethi yokulungisa kabusha kanye nesekethe emaphakathi ye-DC isebenza njengemithombo yamanje, futhi okukhiphayo kwamanje kwe-DC ngomthombo wamanje kuguqulwa kube okwamanje kwe-AC nefrikhwensi edingekayo kusekethe yokuguqula, bese kusakazwa esigabeni ngasinye sokuphumayo njenge-AC yamanje ezonikezwa injini.
3. Ihlukaniswa ngokushintsha amandla:
a. Ukulawula kwe-PAM. Ukulawulwa kwe-PAM, okufushane kokulawula kwe-Pulse Amplitude Modulation, kuyindlela yokulawula elawula ukuphakama kwe-voltage ephumayo (yamanje) kumjikelezo wokulungisa kanye nemvamisa yokuphuma kusekethe ye-inverter;
b. Ukulawulwa kwe-PWM. Ukulawulwa kwe-PWM, okufushane kwe-Pulse Width Modulation, kuyindlela yokulawula elawula ngesikhathi esisodwa i-amplitude kanye nemvamisa ye-voltage ephumayo (yamanje) kumjikelezo we-inverter;
c. Ukulawulwa kwe-PWM yenkampani yenethiwekhi ephezulu. Le ndlela yokulawula empeleni iwukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokulawula ye-PWM ngokomthetho, futhi iyindlela yokulawula eyamukelwa ukunciphisa umsindo wokusebenza kwenjini. Kule ndlela yokulawula, imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi iyakhuphuka ibe imvamisa engazwakala indlebe yomuntu (10-20kHz) noma ngaphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe umgomo wokunciphisa umsindo wemoto.
4. Hlukanisa ngezigaba zenguquko:
a. Ingahlukaniswa ngeziguquli zefrikhwensi ye-AC-AC. Ukuguqula ngokuqondile imvamisa yamandla i-AC ibe yi-AC enefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo kanye ne-voltage, eyaziwa nangokuthi isiguquli sefrikhwensi eqondile;
b. Isiguquli sefrikhwensi ye-AC-DC-AC. Kuyisiguquli esisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke esishintsha kuqala imvamisa yamandla e-AC sibe yi-DC ngesilungisisi, bese siguqula amandla e-DC sibe amandla e-AC anefrikhwensi elungisekayo kanye ne-voltage. Kwaziwa nangokuthi i-converter yefrikhwensi engaqondile.