Umhlinzeki wedivayisi yempendulo yamandla yesiguquli sefrikhwensi: Umsebenzi wokuguqula imvamisa nomsebenzi wokulawula isivinini wesiguquli sefrikhwensi ukuguqula umphakeli wezigaba ezintathu we-AC (noma noma yikuphi ukunikezwa kwamandla) okunogesi olungisekayo kanye nefrikhwensi ibe ugesi wezigaba ezintathu we-AC. Kwesinye isikhathi, isiguquli semvamisa sibuye sibizwe ngokuthi yidivayisi eguquguqukayo ye-voltage frequency frequency VVVF. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula isivinini samamotha e-AC (asynchronous noma synchronous).
Isistimu yokulawula isivinini esishintshashintshayo se-AC motor iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: isilawuli sesivinini esishintshashintshayo, umshayeli we-AC motor, nesilawuli. Imishini eyisihluthulelo yokuguqula imvamisa, esetshenziselwa ukufeza izinguquko ezibushelelezi ku-voltage yemoto kanye nemvamisa.
Ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo akunakuqhathaniswa nezindlela zangaphambilini ezifana nokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, ukulawulwa kwesivinini esiguquguqukayo, ukulawulwa kwejubane lokugijima, ukulawulwa kwejubane lokushelela, nokulawulwa kwejubane lokuhlangana kwama-hydraulic ngokuya ngebanga lemvamisa, ukunemba okumile, ikhwalithi eguquguqukayo, ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu, imisebenzi yokuvikela ebanzi, kanye nokuqaliswa okulula kokulawula okuzenzakalelayo nokulawula inqubo. Yaziwa kabanzi njengesixazululo esithembisayo sokulawula isivinini samamotho e-AC, amele isiqondiso sesikhathi esizayo sokuthuthukiswa kokudluliswa kukagesi.
Kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule, ukulawulwa kwesivinini sokuguqula imvamisa kusetshenziswe kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana nensimbi, i-metallurgy, i-petroleum, amakhemikhali, indwangu, i-chemical fiber, imboni yokukhanya, ukwenza iphepha, irabha, amapulasitiki, amandla, nokuphathwa kwamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo samamotho ane-voltage ephansi sekudume kakhulu futhi sekuvuthiwe. Ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo samamotho kagesi anamandla amakhulu nawo ayanakwa futhi ayasetshenziswa kancane kancane. Ngokungeziwe ekusebenzeni kwayo okuhle kakhulu kokulawula isivinini, ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo se-AC motor nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekongeni ugesi nokuvikela imvelo. Kuyidivayisi efanelekile yokulawula isivinini yokuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe bebhizinisi kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo.
Umthelela wokonga amandla wesiguquli sefrikhwensi kufeni nephampu yamanzi
Kunegebe elibalulekile lamandla ngenxa yokungqubuzana phakathi kokuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nesidingo (ukunikezwa kudlula isidingo), nokongiwa kwamandla kuyadingeka. Ngokwezibalo zeminyango efanele, ngo-2002, amandla e-China afakelwe ukuphehla ugesi ayengama-kW ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-31.9, namandla onyaka aphehla ugesi angu-1346.6 kWh. Nakuba ikleliswe endaweni yesibili emhlabeni ngokwesilinganiso sikagesi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kukagesi ngomuntu ngamunye kuphakathi kweziphansi kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthuka ngokushesha komnotho wezwe lethu kudinga ugesi owengeziwe. Uma kubalwa ngokwesidingo sokunyuka ngo-8% ekukhuleni komnotho kazwelonke kanye nokwenyuka kukagesi ngo-11%, amandla okukhiqiza ugesi waseShayina kufanele abe phakathi kwezigidi ezingama-570 nezingu-600 kW ngonyaka wezi-2010, kube nokuphehlwa kukagesi ngonyaka ka-28000-2900 kWh. Ehlobo lika-2003, amazinga okushisa aphezulu aqhubekayo abangela ukushoda kwamandla kagesi kwezinye izifundazwe namadolobha, okwaphoqa ukwamukelwa kwezinyathelo zokulinganisa ugesi. Ngenxa yomthwalo osindayo kugridi yamandla, ukungazinzi kwesistimu yamandla endawo. Incazelo engenhla ikhombisa ukuthi ukuphakelwa kukagesi waseShayina kanye nesidingo sakho akulingani, kanti ugesi utholakala ngaphansi kunesidingo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukonga ugesi.
Izinzuzo zokonga amandla zokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo samafeni namaphampu amanzi:
Umthamo ofakiwe wamamotho kagesi eShayina usufinyelele ezigidini ezingama-450 kW, odla cishe u-65% wokuphehlwa kukagesi wezwe. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufeza ukonga amandla kumamotho kagesi. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokonga amandla kumamotho ajwayelekile: enye iwukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto ngokwayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside, okusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi imishini yesivinini esingaguquki; Okunye ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokulawula kwejubane lemoto, ukuze injini ikwazi ukusebenza ngesivinini esiyonga kakhulu amandla.
Amafeni, amaphampu amanzi, nama-compressor asetshenziswa kakhulu okokusebenza kagesi okuqhutshwa yizimoto emnothweni wezwe, enamandla ezimoto eziyizigidi eziyi-150 kanye namandla asetshenziswa cishe amaphesenti angama-35 okukhiqizwa kukagesi wezwe. Cishe u-20% kuya ku-30% wabalandeli namaphampu amanzi adinga ukulawulwa kwesivinini.
Idrayivu yefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo iyisixazululo sokuzithandela sokonga amandla kubalandeli namaphampu amanzi. Ngokusho kwethiyori ye-fluid, amandla we-shaft wephampu yefeni eyi-centrifugal awumsebenzi we-cubic wejubane lokujikeleza. Lapho ijubane liyancipha, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla kuzokwehla kakhulu, isibonelo, ngesivinini esingu-50%, amandla omshini we-shaft angama-12.5% kuphela. Vele, ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokulawula isivinini kuyehluka kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwamadivayisi okulawula isivinini se-hydraulic ngemuva kokushelela akuphakeme, η≈(1-S)， Ku-50% isivinini sokujikeleza, ηvs≈50%， Futhi ukusebenza kahle kwesiguquli se-frequency kuphezulu, nesici sokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ηvv%v%v, 8 unchange, 9 cishe u-9 unchange.