Masu ba da amsawar makamashi na Elevator suna tunatar da ku cewa makamashin injin (mai yuwuwar kuzari, kuzarin motsa jiki) akan nauyin motsi yana jujjuya zuwa makamashin lantarki (sabuwar wutar lantarki) ta hanyar na'urar amsa makamashi kuma a mayar da ita zuwa grid ɗin wutar AC don amfani da wasu kayan lantarki na kusa. Wannan yana rage yawan kuzarin grid ɗin wutar lantarki ta tsarin tuƙi a kowane lokaci guda, don haka cimma burin kiyaye makamashi. Daban-daban na kayan aiki na na'urar mayar da martani ga makamashi suna samar da muhimmin tushe don aiki na tsarin amsa makamashi.
1. Power inverter kewaye
A cikin da'irar wutar lantarki, halin yanzu kai tsaye da aka adana a gefen motar bas na DC na mai sauya mitar lif yayin aikin na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi a cikin yanayin samar da wutar lantarki yana jujjuya zuwa madaidaicin halin yanzu ta hanyar sarrafa kunnawa / kashe na'urar. Shi ne babban da'irar tsarin amsawar makamashi na elevator, wanda ke da tsari daban-daban bisa ga nau'ikan nau'ikan inverter daban-daban. Ta hanyar sarrafa kunnawa/kashe na kunnawa, wutar DC da aka adana a gefen motar bas na DC na mai sauya mitar lif yayin aikin na'ura a cikin yanayin samar da wutar lantarki yana juyewa zuwa wutar AC. A cikin da'irar, manyan na'urori na sama da na ƙasa a kan hannun gada ɗaya ba za su iya gudanar da su lokaci guda ba, kuma ana sarrafa lokacin gudanarwa da tsawon kowane abu bisa ga tsarin sarrafa inverter.
2. Wurin aiki tare da Grid
Ikon aiki tare na lokaci yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ko lif zai iya ba da amsa ga kuzari yadda yakamata akan bas ɗin DC zuwa grid ɗin wuta. Da'irar aiki tare na grid tana ɗaukar aiki tare da wutar lantarki ta layin grid, kuma don gujewa tasirin yankin da ya mutu yayin motsi, ana sarrafa maɓalli a digiri 120 akan hannun gada ɗaya. Dangantakar ma'ana tsakanin siginar aiki tare na grid da siginar ƙetare sifili na grid ɗin wutar lantarki ana samun su ta hanyar kwatancen, kuma alaƙar da ke tsakanin siginar aiki tare na grid na kowace na'ura mai sauyawa da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ana samun ta ta hanyar simintin Multisim. Kowane maɓalli yana da kusurwar aiki na digiri 120 kuma an raba shi da digiri 60 a jere. A kowane lokaci, kawai bututu biyu masu sauyawa a cikin gadar inverter suna aiki, suna tabbatar da aminci da ingantaccen aiki. Bugu da ƙari, kowane maɓalli guda biyu suna aiki a cikin mafi girman kewayon wutar lantarki na layin grid, yana haifar da ingantaccen inverter.
3. Wutar gano wutar lantarki
Saboda yawan wutar lantarki da ke gefen motar motar DC na na'urar sauya wutar lantarki, ya zama dole a fara amfani da resistors don rarraba wutar lantarki, sannan a ware da rage karfin bas din ta hanyar firikwensin wutar lantarki na Hall, sannan a canza shi zuwa siginar ƙarancin wuta. A cikin da'irar sarrafa wutar lantarki, ana ɗaukar hanyar kulawar bin diddigin hysteresis, wanda ke ƙara tabbataccen ra'ayi akan ma'aunin kwatancen kuma yana ba da ƙimar kwatancen kwatancen guda biyu, wato babba da ƙananan ƙimar kofa. Ana aiwatar da da'irori na hardware, sarrafawa duka sauri ne kuma daidai. Da'irar gano wutar lantarki ba wai kawai zai iya guje wa babban matsayi na sigina na tsangwama a kan siginar wutar lantarki ba, yana haifar da yanayin fitarwa na mai kwatanta girgiza, amma kuma ya hana tsarin amsawar kuzari daga farawa da rufewa akai-akai.
4. Da'irar sarrafa ganowa na yanzu
A cikin aiwatar da amsawar makamashi, na yanzu dole ne ya cika buƙatun wutar lantarki, kuma ƙarfin da aka dawo da shi zuwa grid dole ne ya zama mafi girma ko daidai da matsakaicin ƙarfin lokacin da injin jan hankali yake cikin yanayin haɓakawa, in ba haka ba raguwar ƙarfin lantarki akan bas ɗin DC zai ci gaba da tashi. Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki na grid ɗin wutar lantarki ya kasance akai-akai, ƙarfin amsawar makamashi na tsarin yana ƙayyade ta hanyar halin yanzu. Bugu da kari, ra'ayin halin yanzu dole ne a iyakance shi a cikin kewayon kewayon na'urar sauya wutar inverter. Haka kuma, reactance shake tsakanin wutar lantarki grid da inverter damar manyan igiyoyi su wuce ta yayin da rage girman da reactor. Don haka, inductance na reactor dole ne ya zama ƙaramin ƙima don tabbatar da martanin makamashi. Gudun canjin halin yanzu yana da sauri sosai. A lokaci guda ta yin amfani da kulawar hysteresis na yanzu yana iya sarrafa yadda ake sarrafa martani na yanzu da kuma hana aukuwar haɗari.
5. Main kula da kewaye
Ƙungiyar sarrafawa ta tsakiya na tsarin amsawar makamashi na elevator shine babban da'irar sarrafawa, wanda ake amfani dashi don sarrafa aikin gabaɗayan tsarin. Babban da'irar sarrafawa ta ƙunshi microcontroller da da'irori na gefe, waɗanda ke haifar da madaidaicin raƙuman ruwa na PWM dangane da algorithms sarrafawa; A gefe guda, dangane da siginar aiki tare na grid, kula da kuskuren IPM yana tabbatar da aminci da ingantaccen aiwatar da duk tsarin amsawar makamashi.
6. Logic kariya kula da kewaye
Siginar daidaitawa don haɗin grid, siginar sarrafawa don ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu, siginar kuskure na IPM, da fitar da siginar fitarwa daga babban da'irar sarrafawa duk suna buƙatar wucewa ta hanyar da'irar kariyar dabaru don aiki mai ma'ana, kuma a ƙarshe za a aika zuwa da'irar wutar lantarki don sarrafa tsarin amsawa. Ta wannan hanyar, zai iya tabbatar da cewa fitarwar wutar AC daga inverter yana aiki tare da grid, sannan kuma ya toshe siginar tuƙi idan akwai kurakuran wuce gona da iri, overvoltage, rashin ƙarfi, da kuma kuskuren IPM a cikin kewayawa, yana dakatar da tsarin amsawar kuzari.