Abahlinzeki bemishini yokonga i-elevator bakukhumbuza ukuthi ngokuthuthuka komnotho, isidingo samandla siyanda, futhi ukushoda kwamandla sekungenye yezinto eziyinhloko ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhakha ehlukahlukene. Njengemishini yokuthutha ebalulekile futhi ephumelelayo ezakhiweni eziphakeme, amakheshi aye kancane kancane abe idivaysi yesibili enkulu edla amandla ezakhiweni eziphakeme, okwesibili kuphela ukusetshenziswa kukagesi we-air conditioning futhi ephakeme kunokukhanyisa, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, nokunye ukusetshenziswa kukagesi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwekheshi kubala u-20% kuya ku-50% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwesakhiwo, futhi inkinga yokusetshenziswa kwamandla ayinakubukelwa phansi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwe-elevator ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili, enye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komshini wokudonsa odonsa imoto yekheshi nomthwalo; Enye ingxenye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesistimu ye-lifti ngokwayo, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ohlelo lomshini womnyango, uhlelo lokulawula ikheshi, uhlelo lukagesi lokulawula isekethe kagesi, uhlelo lokukhanyisa ikheshi kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula komoya, kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla ohlelo lokuhambisa ngomshini, ipheya yemoto kanye nomhlahlandlela wesitimela. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi amandla kagesi asetshenziswa umshini wokudonsa udonsa umthwalo abala ngaphezu kuka-70% wesamba esisetshenziswa ugesi. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufanelekile bokonga amandla ekwelashweni okonga amandla kwamakheshi kuwumkhuba ongenakugwemeka ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezikheshi.
Inqubo Yokuthuthukisa kanye Nesimo Socwaningo Se-Elevator Energy Saving Technology
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakheshi kukhulise kakhulu isidingo sabantu samandla, ngakho-ke kusukela ekusungulweni kwawo kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwawo kabanzi namuhla, izidingo zobuchwepheshe bokonga amandla bezilokhu zisebenza ngakho, zibonakala ikakhulukazi ezicini ezintathu:
(1) Ukonga amandla kobuchwepheshe bokushayela umshini we-elevator traction
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zobuchwepheshe bokushayela umshini we-elevator traction machine, okuhlanganisa i-AC asynchronous motor ene-gearbox transmission, i-AC asynchronous motor ngaphandle kokudluliselwa kwe-gearbox, unomphela ozibuthe asynchronous motor enomshini wokuhambisa ugiya, injini ehambisanayo kamagnethi ehambisana no-gearbox transmission, kanye ne-synchronous motor synchronous kazibuthe ngaphandle kokudluliselwa kwebhokisi. Umshini wokudonsa we-PM njengamanje uyindlela ekahle futhi ethuthukisiwe yokudlulisa, enezinzuzo ezihlanganisa unomphela ozibuthe injini ehambisanayo, asikho isidingo sokwengeza uwoyela wokugcoba we-gearbox, isici samandla aphezulu nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza. Ngenxa yokungabikho kokulahleka ngesikhathi senqubo yokudlulisa, amagiya amagiya onga cishe amandla angama-30% uma kuqhathaniswa namamotho asynchronous AC. Isici sayo esivelele ukuthi iyona kuphela injini kazibuthe ehlala unomphela engacindezela izingozi ezibangela ukulimala komuntu siqu kubagibeli ngenxa yekheshi elihluleka ukulawula nokushelela phakathi nokusebenza, futhi selithole ukunconywa embonini nakubasebenzisi.
(2) Uhlelo lokulawula ikheshi lokonga amandla
Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula i-elevator drive isiqalile kusukela ku-AC asynchronous motor pole ekushintsheni ukulawulwa kwesivinini kuya ku-AC voltage regulation regulation regulation; Ukuqhubekela ku-voltage eguquguqukayo kanye nokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo. Indlela yokushayela eyaziwa kakhulu ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo kanye nokulawulwa kwesivinini se-voltage eguquguqukayo ukuze ulawule umshini wokudonsa ohambisanayo ozibuthe ozibuthe [3]. Ngokushintsha imvamisa yokufaka kanye ne-voltage ye-elevator motor, inqubo yokulawula isivinini se-elevator ingafinyelelwa. I-frequency ne-voltage ratio ilawulwa yi-converter frequency ukuze kugcinwe isilinganiso esinqunyiwe, esingalungisa kahle isivinini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokulawula isivinini ezimbili zangaphambilini, i-VVVF inezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukulawulwa kwejubane okushelelayo, nokonga amandla angaphezu kuka-30%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezici zokusebenza kahle, usayizi omncane, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, nokugibela okunethezekile, okuyenza ibe idivayisi yokulawula isivinini ekahle nedumile.
(3) Ukonga amandla ohlelweni lwempendulo yamandla
Indlela yamanje yokonga amandla yamakheshi iwukubuyisela amandla kagesi akhiqizwa umshini wokudonsa ngesikhathi sokuphehla ugesi kugridi yamandla. Indlela yamanje yokuphatha amandla kagesi akhiqizwa yimishini yokudonsa ngesikhathi sokuphehla amandla iwukuxhuma izinqamuleli ezidla amandla futhi uguqule la mandla kagesi abe amandla okushisa ukuze uwakhulule, ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha okugcwala ngokweqile kwamakheshi. Le ndlela ayibangeli nje ukuchithwa kwamandla, kodwa futhi inemiphumela emibi endaweni ezungezile, yandisa umthwalo ohlelweni lokupholisa ekamelweni lomshini, futhi inemiphumela emibi kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-elevator.
Umsebenzi wesistimu yempendulo yamandla ukuguqula amandla kagesi ebhasini le-DC abe amandla e-AC esigaba kanye nemvamisa njengegridi ngokusebenzisa isiguquli, bese siwabuyisela kugridi ebangeni lamandla kagesi aphezulu we-voltage yegridi.
Njengamanje, u-25% kuya ku-35% wesamba sikagesi osetshenziswa amakheshi asetshenziswa ama-braking resistors. Ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla okungaba ngu-85%, ukonga amandla kwamadivayisi wempendulo yekheshi kulinganiselwa kububanzi obungu-21% ukuya ku-30%. Lesi sikhawu sikhuphuka kakhulu njengoba i-lifti phansi nesivinini kukhula. Isistimu exhunyiwe yegridi yempendulo yekheshi izuze umsebenzi "wokudala" amandla kusukela ekongeni amandla okuvamile, okuvula umlando wokonga amandla wekheshi.
Umgomo wokonga amandla wedivayisi yempendulo yekheshi
Inketho yokonga amandla yamakheshi ukulawula isivinini esishintshashintshayo. Ngemuva kokuqala, ilifti izokhombisa amandla aphezulu kakhulu emishini ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokushesha. Ngemva kokufinyelela phansi okuhlosiwe, i-elevator iyancipha futhi kancane kancane iyama. Enqubweni elandelayo, ilifti ingakhulula amandla emishini ekhona kanye nemithwalo. Indlela eyisisekelo yempendulo yokuguqulwa kwefrikhwensi ukuthi isiguquli sefrikhwensi singagcina amandla kagesi akhona ohlangothini lwe-DC bese siwaphakela emuva kugridi yamandla we-AC. Kulesi simo, i-resistor yokubhuleka ngeke isadla amandla kagesi amaningi. Idivayisi yempendulo yemvamisa eguquguqukayo ingasusa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okucashile futhi iwabuyisele ngokuphelele kugridi yamandla. Kulokhu, kungabonakala ukuthi impendulo yokuguqulwa kwemvamisa ihlangabezana nezinkomba zokonga amandla futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwekheshi.