Abahlinzeki bamayunithi empendulo yamandla yeziguquli zefrikhwensi bakukhumbuza ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa kwezinqubomgomo kanye nokukhuthazwa okunamandla kobuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa, okuhambisana nokukhuthazwa okuqinile kwabathengisi abaguqula imvamisa, amanye amabhizinisi ezimboni alinganise ngokungazi lutho ukusetshenziswa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi nokongiwa kwamandla nokonga ugesi. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, ngenxa yezimo ezihlukahlukene ezibhekene nazo, amabhizinisi amaningi aqaphela kancane kancane ukuthi akuzona zonke izindawo lapho ama-frequency converters asetshenziswa khona angakwazi ukonga amandla nogesi. Ngakho yiziphi izizathu zalesi simo futhi yimiphi imibono eyiphutha abantu abanayo mayelana nama-frequency converters?
Umbono oyiphutha 1: Ukusebenzisa isiguquli sefrikhwensi kungonga ugesi
Ezinye izincwadi zithi iziguquli zemvamisa ziyimikhiqizo yokulawula ukonga amandla, okunikeza umbono wokuthi ukusebenzisa iziguquli zefrikhwensi kungonga ugesi.
Eqinisweni, isizathu sokuthi kungani abaguquli befrikhwensi bengonga ugesi kungenxa yokuthi bangakwazi ukulawula isivinini samamotho kagesi. Uma iziguquli zefrikhwensi ziyimikhiqizo yokulawula ukonga amandla, konke okokusebenza kokulawula isivinini kungabuye kubhekwe njengemikhiqizo yokulawula ukonga amandla. Isiguquli sefrikhwensi sisebenza kahle kakhudlwana futhi siyisici samandla kunamanye amadivaysi okulawula isivinini.
Ukuthi isiguquli sefrikhwensi singafinyelela ukonga amandla kunqunywa izici zokulawula isivinini somthwalo waso. Emithwalweni efana namafeni we-centrifugal namaphampu amaphakathi, i-torque ilingana nesikwele sejubane, futhi amandla alingana nekhyubhu yejubane. Uma nje ukugeleza kokulawula kwe-valve yasekuqaleni kusetshenziswa futhi kungasebenzi ngokugcwala okuphelele, ukushintshela ekusebenzeni kokulawula isivinini kungafinyelela ukonga amandla. Uma isivinini sehla sifika ku-80% wesokuqala, amandla angama-51.2% kuphela wawasekuqaleni. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kweziguquli zemvamisa emithwalweni enjalo kunomphumela obalulekile wokonga amandla. Emithwalweni efana nama-Roots blowers, i-torque ayifani nesivinini, okungukuthi i-torque engaguquki. Uma indlela yasekuqaleni yokusebenzisa i-valve yokukhipha umoya ukuze kudedelwe ivolumu yomoya eyeqile ukuze kulungiswe umthamo womoya ishintshelwa ekusebenzeni kokulawula isivinini, ingazuza futhi ukonga amandla. Lapho isivinini sehla siye ku-80% yenani laso loqobo, amandla afinyelela ku-80% yenani lawo langempela. Umthelela wokonga amandla mncane kakhulu kunalowo wezinhlelo zokusebenza kumafeni we-centrifugal namaphampu amaphakathi. Ukuze kulayishwe amandla njalo, amandla azimele ngesivinini. Umthwalo wamandla oqhubekayo esitshalweni sikasimende, njengesikali sebhande le-batching, kunciphisa isivinini sebhande lapho ungqimba lwezinto ezibonakalayo bukhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokugeleza; Lapho ungqimba lwezinto ezibonakalayo luncane, ijubane lebhande liyakhula. Ukusetshenziswa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi kumthwalo onjalo akukwazi ukonga ugesi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokulawula isivinini ze-DC, ama-motor e-DC asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nesici samandla kunamamotho e-AC. Ukusebenza kahle kwezilawuli zejubane ze-DC zedijithali kuqathaniswa nalokho kweziguquli zefrikhwensi, futhi kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokhu kweziguquli zemvamisa. Ngakho-ke, akulungile ukusho ukuthi ukusebenzisa ama-asynchronous motors kanye neziguquli zefrikhwensi konga ugesi omningi kunokusebenzisa amamotho e-DC kanye nezilawuli ze-DC, ngokombono nangokungokoqobo.
Umbono oyiphutha 2: Ukukhethwa kwamandla kwesiguquli semvamisa kususelwa kumandla alinganisiwe emoto
Uma kuqhathaniswa namamotho kagesi, ama-frequency converter abiza kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunengqondo kakhulu ukunciphisa ngokunengqondo umthamo weziguquli zemvamisa ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile.
Amandla okuguqula imvamisa asho amandla emoto eyi-4-pole AC asynchronous ewafanele.
Ngenxa yenani elihlukile lezigxobo zamamotho anomthamo ofanayo, isilinganiso samanje semoto siyahlukahluka. Njengoba inani lezigxobo enjinini landa, umthamo olinganisiwe wemoto nawo uyanda. Ukukhethwa kwamandla kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi akukwazi ukususelwa kumandla alinganisiwe enjini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumaphrojekthi okuvuselela angazange asebenzise iziguquli zemvamisa ekuqaleni, ukukhethwa kwamandla okuguquguquka kwemvamisa akukwazi ukusekelwe kumanje olinganisiwe wemoto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhethwa kwamandla amamotho kagesi kufanele kucabangele izinto ezinjengomthwalo, i-surplus coefficient, kanye nokucaciswa kwemoto. Ngokuvamile, imali enqwabelene inkulu, futhi izinjini zezimboni zisebenza ku-50% kuya ku-60% womthwalo wazo olinganiselwe. Uma umthamo we-frequency converter ekhethiwe ngokusekelwe kumanje olinganiselwe we-motor, kune-margin eningi kakhulu esele, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwezomnotho, futhi ukwethembeka akuthuthukisiwe ngenxa yalokho.
Ngama-motor cage squirrel, ukukhethwa kwamandla okuguqula imvamisa kufanele kusekelwe esimisweni sokuthi isilinganiso samanje sesiguquli semvamisa sikhulu noma silingana nezikhathi eziyi-1.1 zobukhulu obujwayelekile obusebenzayo benjini, obungakhuphula ukonga izindleko. Ezimweni ezinjengokuqala komthwalo osindayo, indawo yokushisa ephezulu, injini yesilonda, i-synchronous motor, njll., umthamo wesiguquli sefrikhwensi kufanele ukhuliswe ngokufanelekile.
Ngemiklamo esebenzisa ama-frequency converters kusukela ekuqaleni, kuyaqondakala ukukhetha umthamo wesiguquli semvamisa ngokusekelwe kumanje olinganiselwe we-motor. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umthamo wesiguquli sefrikhwensi awukwazi ukukhethwa ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela zokusebenza ngalesi sikhathi. Yiqiniso, ukuze kuncishiswe ukutshalwa kwezimali, kwezinye izimo, amandla okuguqula imvamisa angaba nokungaqiniseki kuqala, futhi ngemva kokuba okokusebenza sekusebenze isikhathi esithile, kungakhethwa ngokusekelwe kumanje wangempela.
Ohlelweni lwesibili lokugaya lwesigayo sikasimende esinobubanzi obungu-2.4m × 13m enkampanini ethile kasimende e-Inner Mongolia, kunesikhethi sempushana esikhiqizwa ekhaya esingu-N-1500 O-Sepa esisebenza kahle kakhulu, esifakwe imodeli kagesi engu-Y2-315M-4 enamandla angu-132kW. Nokho, i-FRN160-P9S-4E i-frequency converter ikhethiwe, elungele ama-motor angu-4-pole enamandla angu-160kW. Ngemva kokuqaliswa ukusebenza, imvamisa yokusebenza ephezulu ingu-48Hz, futhi yamanje ingu-180A kuphela, engaphansi kuka-70% wamanje olinganiselwe wenjini. Injini ngokwayo inamandla amakhulu engeziwe. Futhi ukucaciswa kwe-frequency converter yizinga elilodwa elikhulu kunaleyo yemoto yokushayela, okubangela ukungcola okungadingekile futhi akuthuthukisi ukwethembeka.
Uhlelo lokuphakelayo lwe-limestone crusher engunombolo 3 e-Anhui Chaohu Cement Plant lusebenzisa i-1500 × 12000 plate feeder, futhi injini yokushayela isebenzisa injini ye-Y225M-4 AC enamandla alinganiselwe angu-45kW kanye namandla amanje alinganiselwe angu-84.6A. Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kokulawulwa kwesivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa, kutholakale ngokuhlola ukuthi lapho isiphakeli sepuleti sishayela imoto ngokujwayelekile, isilinganiso samanje sezigaba ezintathu singu-30A kuphela, okungama-35.5% kuphela wamanje olinganisiwe wemoto. Ukuze kongiwe utshalomali, kukhethwe i-ACS601-0060-3 i-frequency converter, enomthamo ophumayo olinganiselwe ongu-76A futhi ifanele ama-motor angama-4-pole anamandla angu-37kW, okuzuza ukusebenza kahle.
Lezi zibonelo ezimbili zibonisa ukuthi kumaphrojekthi okulungisa angazange asebenzise iziguquli zemvamisa ekuqaleni, ukukhetha umthamo wesiguquli semvamisa ngokusekelwe ezimeni zangempela zokusebenza kunganciphisa kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali.
Umbono oyiphutha 3: Ukusebenzisa amandla okubuka ukubala isinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo kanye nezinzuzo zokonga amandla
Bala umthelela wokonga amandla wesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo usebenzisa amandla abonakalayo. Lapho ifeni isebenza ngomthwalo ogcwele ngamandla kagesi, ukusebenza kwenjini kungu-289A. Uma usebenzisa ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo, isici samandla ekusebenzeni kokulayisha okugcwele ku-50Hz sicishe sibe ngu-0.99, kanti esamanje singu-257A. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-capacitor yokuhlunga yangaphakathi ye-converter frequency ithuthukisa isici samandla. Isibalo sokonga amandla simi kanje: Δ S=UI=× 380 × (289-257)=21kVA
Ngakho-ke, kukholakala ukuthi umphumela wawo wokonga amandla ucishe ube ngu-11% womthamo womshini owodwa.
Ukuhlaziywa kwangempela: U-S umele amandla abonakalayo, okuwumkhiqizo wevoltheji newamanje. Uma i-voltage ifana, iphesenti lokonga amandla okubonakalayo kanye nephesenti lokonga kwamanje kuyinto efanayo. Kumjikelezo onokusabela, amandla abonakalayo abonisa kuphela umthamo omkhulu ovunyelwe wokukhipha wesistimu yokusabalalisa, futhi awakwazi ukubonisa amandla angempela asetshenziswa injini. Amandla angempela asetshenziswa injini kagesi angavezwa kuphela njengamandla asebenzayo. Kulesi sibonelo, nakuba amandla angempela asetshenziswa ekubaleni, amandla abonakalayo abalwa esikhundleni samandla asebenzayo. Siyazi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwangempela kwemoto kagesi kunqunywa ifeni nomthwalo wayo. Ukwanda kwesici samandla akuzange kushintshe umthwalo wefeni, futhi akuzange kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesiphehli. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwangempela kwefeni akuzange kwehle. Ngemuva kokuthi isici samandla senyuswe, isimo sokusebenza se-motor asizange sishintshe, i-stator current ye-motor ayizange yehle, futhi amandla asebenzayo futhi asebenzayo adliwe yi-motor awazange ashintshe. Isizathu sokwanda kwesici samandla ukuthi i-capacitor yokuhlunga yangaphakathi ye-converter frequency ikhiqiza amandla asebenzayo, anikezwa injini ukuze isetshenziswe. Njengoba isici samandla sikhula, ukufakwa kwamanje kwangempela kwesiguquli sokuvama kuncipha, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa komugqa phakathi kwegridi yamandla kanye nesiguquli semvamisa kanye nokulahlekelwa kwethusi kwe-transformer. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba umthamo wamanje uyancipha, imishini yokusabalalisa efana nama-transformer, ama-switch, ama-contact, nezintambo ezinikeza amandla ku-converter frequency zingathwala imithwalo eyengeziwe. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uma singacabangi ukugcinwa kokulahlekelwa komugqa kanye nokulahlekelwa kwethusi kwe-transformer njengalesi sibonelo, kodwa sicabangele ukulahlekelwa kwe-frequency converter, lapho isiguquli semvamisa sisebenza ngomthwalo ogcwele ku-50Hz, akugcini nje ukugcina amandla, kodwa futhi kudla ugesi. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa amandla abonakalayo ukubala imiphumela yokonga akulungile.
Imodeli yenjini ye-centrifugal eshayela fan yesitshalo esithile sikasimende yi-Y280S-4, enamandla alinganiselwe angu-75kW, i-voltage elinganiselwe engu-380V, kanye nesilinganiso samanje esingu-140A. Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kokulawula isivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa, i-valve yayivulwe ngokugcwele. Ngokuhlola, kutholakale ukuthi i-motor current ingu-70A, inomthwalo ongu-50% kuphela, amandla factor angu-0.49, amandla asebenzayo angu-22.6kW, namandla abonakalayo angu-46.07kVA. Ngemva kokwamukela ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo, lapho i-valve ivuliwe ngokugcwele futhi isivinini esilinganiselwe sisebenza, isilinganiso samanje segridi yamandla ezigaba ezintathu singu-37A, ngaleyo ndlela kubhekwa ukuthi ukonga amandla (70-37) ÷ 70 × 100% = 44.28%. Lesi sibalo singase sibonakale sinengqondo, kodwa empeleni, sisabala umphumela wokonga amandla ngokusekelwe emandleni abonakalayo. Ngemva kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe, ifektri ithole ukuthi isici samandla sasingu-0.94, amandla asebenzayo angu-22.9 kW, futhi amandla abonakalayo angu-24.4 kVA. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukwanda kwamandla asebenzayo akugcini nje ukulondoloza ugesi, kodwa futhi kudla ugesi. Isizathu sokwanda kwamandla asebenzayo ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwesiguquli se-frequency kwacatshangelwa, ngaphandle kokucabangela ukugcinwa kokulahlekelwa komugqa kanye nokulahlekelwa kwethusi kwe-transformer. Isihluthulelo saleli phutha sisekuhlulekeni kokucabangela umthelela wesici samandla esikhulayo ekwehleni kwamanje, futhi isici samandla esizenzakalelayo sihlala singashintshiwe, ngaleyo ndlela senze ihaba umthelela wokonga amandla wesiguquli semvamisa. Ngakho-ke, lapho kubalwa umphumela wokonga amandla, amandla asebenzayo kufanele asetshenziswe esikhundleni samandla abonakalayo.
Umbono oyiphutha 4: Oxhumana nabo abakwazi ukufakwa ohlangothini lokuphumayo lwesiguquli sefrikhwensi
Cishe wonke amanuwali omsebenzisi weziguquli zefrikhwensi akhombisa ukuthi abathintwayo abakwazi ukufakwa ohlangothini lokuphumayo lwesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Njengoba kushiwo kubhukwana le-Yaskawa frequency converter e-Japan, "Ungaxhumi amaswishi ka-electromagnetic noma othintana nabo be-electromagnetic kusekethe yokuphumayo".
Imithetho yomkhiqizi iwukuvimbela othintana naye ukuthi asebenze uma isiguquli sefrikhwensi sinokukhiphayo. Uma isiguquli sefrikhwensi sixhunywe kumthwalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, isifunda sokuvikela i-overcurrent sizosebenza ngenxa yokuvuza kwamanje. Ngakho-ke, inqobo nje uma izikhiye zokulawula ezidingekayo zengezwe phakathi kokuphumayo kwesiguquli semvamisa kanye nesenzo se-contactor ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-contactor ingasebenza kuphela lapho isiguquli semvamisa singenakho okukhiphayo, i-contactor ingafakwa ohlangothini lokuphumayo lwesiguquli semvamisa. Lolu hlelo lubaluleke kakhulu ezimeni lapho kukhona isiguquli sefrikhwensi eyodwa kuphela namamotho amabili (injini eyodwa esebenzayo kanye nenjini eyodwa njengesipele). Lapho ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-motor esebenzayo, isiguquli sefrikhwensi singashintshwa kalula siye kumotho eyisipele, futhi ngemuva kokubambezeleka, isiguquli semvamisa singasetshenzwa ukuze sibeke ngokuzenzakalelayo injini eyisipele ekusebenzeni kokuguqula imvamisa. Futhi ingafinyelela kalula isipele esihlangene samamotho amabili kagesi.
Umbono oyiphutha 5: Ukusetshenziswa kweziguquli zefrikhwensi kubalandeli be-centrifugal kungashintsha ngokuphelele umnyango olawulayo wefeni
Ukusebenzisa isiguquli sefrikhwensi ukuze ulawule isivinini sefeni ye-centrifugal ukuze ulawule ivolumu yomoya kunomthelela obalulekile wokonga amandla uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula ivolumu yomoya ngamavalvu alawulayo. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, isiguquli semvamisa asikwazi ukufaka esikhundleni ngokuphelele i-valve ye-fan, futhi ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekwakhiweni. Ukufanekisa lolu daba, ake siqale ngomgomo wawo wokonga ugesi. Umthamo womoya wefeni ye-centrifugal ulingana namandla ejubane layo lokuzungeza, umfutho womoya ulingana nesikwele sejubane layo lokuzungeza, futhi amandla e-shaft alingana nekhiyubhu yejubane layo lokuzungeza.
Umfutho womoya womthamo womoya (HQ) izici zefeni ngesivinini esingaguquki; Ijika (2) limele izici zokumelana nomoya zenethiwekhi yamapayipi (ivalvu evuleke ngokugcwele). Lapho ifeni isebenza endaweni A, ivolumu yomoya ephumayo ingu-Q1. Ngalesi sikhathi, amandla e-shaft N1 alingana nendawo yomkhiqizo we-Q1 ne-H1 (AH1OQ1). Lapho umthamo womoya wehla usuka ku-Q1 uye ku-Q2, uma kusetshenziswa indlela yokulungisa i-valve, izici zokumelana nenethiwekhi yamapayipi zizoshintsha zibe ijika (3). Isistimu isebenza ukusuka endaweni yokuqala yokusebenza A ukuya endaweni entsha yokusebenza engu-B, futhi umfutho womoya uyanda esikhundleni salokho. I-shaft power N2 ilingana nendawo (BH2OQ2), kanti i-N1 ayihlukile kakhulu ku-N2. Uma indlela yokulawula isivinini yamukelwa, ijubane labalandeli liyehla lisuka ku-n1 liye ku-n2, futhi izici zevolumu yomoya womfutho womoya (HQ) ziboniswa ku-curve (4). Ngaphansi kwevolumu yomoya efanayo Q2, ingcindezi yomoya H3 iyancipha kakhulu, futhi amandla e-N3 (alingana nendawo CH3OQ2) ayancipha kakhulu, okubonisa umphumela obalulekile wokonga amandla.
Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla, kungabonakala futhi ukuthi ukulungisa i-valve ukulawula umthamo womoya, njengoba umthamo womoya uyancipha, umfutho womoya uyanda ngempela; Futhi usebenzisa isiguquli semvamisa ukulawula umthamo womoya, njengoba umthamo womoya uyancipha, umfutho womoya wehla kakhulu. Uma ingcindezi yomoya yehla kakhulu, ingase ingahlangabezani nezidingo zenqubo. Uma indawo yokusebenza ingaphakathi kwendawo evalwe ijika (1), ijika (2), kanye ne-axis ye-H, ukuthembela kuphela kusiguquli sefrikhwensi yokulawula isivinini ngeke kuhlangabezane nezimfuneko zenqubo. Kudingeka kuhlanganiswe nokulawulwa kwe-valve ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenqubo. Isiguquli se-frequency esethulwe ifektri ethile, ekusetshenzisweni kwabalandeli be-centrifugal, sahlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwedizayini ye-valve futhi sincike kuphela kumthethonqubo wesivinini sokuguqula imvamisa ukuze kushintshwe indawo yokusebenza yefeni. Kuphakathi kokuthi isivinini siphezulu kakhulu noma umthamo womoya mkhulu kakhulu; Uma isivinini sincishisiwe, ingcindezi yomoya ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo, futhi umoya awukwazi ukushaywa ngaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa isiguquli semvamisa sokulawula isivinini kanye nokonga amandla kubalandeli be-centrifugal, kuyadingeka ukucabangela kokubili umthamo womoya kanye nezinkomba zokucindezela komoya, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoletha imiphumela emibi.
Umbono oyiphutha 6: Amamotho ajwayelekile angasebenza kuphela ngesivinini esincishisiwe esebenzisa isiguquli semvamisa esingaphansi kwesivinini sawo sokudlulisela esilinganiselwe
Ithiyori yakudala ithi umkhawulo ongaphezulu wemvamisa yemoto yonke indawo ngu-55Hz. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma isivinini semoto sidinga ukulungiswa ngaphezu kwesivinini esilinganiselwe sokusebenza, imvamisa ye-stator izokwenyuka ngaphezu kwefrikhwensi elinganiselwe (50Hz). Kuleli qophelo, uma isimiso se-torque esingaguquki sisalandelwa ukuze silawule, i-voltage ye-stator izokwenyuka idlule i-voltage elinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke, lapho ububanzi besivinini bungaphezu kwesivinini esilinganiselwe, i-voltage ye-stator kufanele igcinwe ingashintshi ku-voltage elinganiselwe. Kuleli qophelo, njengoba isivinini / imvamisa yanda, i-flux magnetic izokwehla, ngakho-ke i-torque ku-stator yamanje efanayo izokwehla, izici zemishini zizoba thambile, futhi umthamo wokulayisha ngokweqile we-motor uzoncishiswa kakhulu.
Kulokhu, kungabonakala ukuthi umkhawulo ophezulu wemvamisa yemoto yonke indawo ngu-55Hz, okuyisidingo:
1. I-voltage ye-stator ayikwazi ukudlula i-voltage elinganiselwe;
2. Injini isebenza ngamandla alinganiselwe;
3. Umthwalo we-torque njalo.
Kulesi simo esingenhla, ithiyori kanye nokuhlola kufakazele ukuthi uma imvamisa idlula i-55Hz, i-torque yemoto izokwehla, izici zomshini zizoba thambile, umthamo wokugcwala uzokwehla, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi kuzokhuphuka ngokushesha, futhi ukushisa kuzoba nzima.
Ngokuvamile, izimo zokusebenza zangempela zamamotho kagesi zibonisa ukuthi amamotho enhloso ejwayelekile angasheshiswa ngokusebenzisa iziguquli zemvamisa. Ingabe isivinini esishintshashintshayo singanyuswa? Yimalini engakhushulwa? Inqunywa ngokuyinhloko umthwalo odonswa injini kagesi. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi liyini izinga lomthwalo? Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukuqonda izici zomthwalo futhi wenze izibalo ngokusekelwe esimweni esithile somthwalo. Ukuhlaziya kafushane kanje:
1. Eqinisweni, ku-380V motor universal, kungenzeka ukuyisebenzisa isikhathi eside lapho i-voltage ye-stator idlula i-10% ye-voltage elinganisiwe, ngaphandle kokuthinta ukufakwa kanye nokuphila kwemoto. I-voltage ye-stator iyanda, i-torque ikhula kakhulu, i-stator yamanje iyancipha, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya liyancipha.
2. Izinga lokulayisha lemoto kagesi livamise ukuba ngu-50% kuya ku-60%
Ngokuvamile, izinjini zezimboni zisebenza ku-50% kuya ku-60% wamandla awo alinganisiwe. Ngokubala, lapho amandla okukhipha imoto engama-70% wamandla alinganisiwe futhi i-voltage ye-stator ikhuphuka ngo-7%, i-stator yamanje iyancipha ngo-26.4%. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngisho nokulawulwa kwe-torque njalo futhi usebenzisa isiguquli sokuphindaphinda ukwandisa isivinini se-motor ngo-20%, i-stator yamanje ayigcini nje ngokunyuka kodwa futhi iyancipha. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ye-motor kukhula kakhulu ngemva kokwandisa imvamisa, ukushisa okukhiqizwa yikho akunakwa uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa okuncishisiwe ukwehla kwe-stator current. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa le-motor winding nalo lizokwehla kakhulu.
3. Kunezici ezihlukahlukene zomthwalo
Uhlelo lwe-electric motor drive lunikeza umthwalo, futhi imithwalo ehlukene inezici ezihlukene zemishini. Amamotho kagesi kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zomthwalo wezimpawu zemishini ngemuva kokusheshisa. Ngokwezibalo, ubuningi obuvumelekile bokusebenza (fmax) bokulayisha kwetorque engaguquki ngamanani ahlukene okulayisha (k) ahambisana ngokuphambene nezinga lokulayisha, okungukuthi fmax=fe/k, lapho i-fe kuyisilinganiso samandla esilinganiselwe. Ngokulayishwa kwamandla okungaguquki, imvamisa yokusebenza ephezulu evumelekile yamamotho ajwayelekile inqunyelwe ikakhulukazi amandla omshini we-motor rotor kanye ne-shaft. Umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi kuvame ukutuseka ukuthi ukhawule ku-100Hz.
Umbono oyiphutha 7: Ukunganaki izici ezingokwemvelo zeziguquli zefrikhwensi
Umsebenzi wokulungisa iphutha we-converter frequency ngokuvamile uqedwa ngumsabalalisi, futhi ngeke kube nezinkinga. Ukufakwa kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi kulula futhi kuvame ukuqedwa ngumsebenzisi. Abanye abasebenzisi abalifundi ngokucophelela imanuwali yomsebenzisi yesiguquli sefrikhwensi, abazilandeli ngokuqinile izidingo zobuchwepheshe bokwakha, baziba izici zesiguquli semvamisa ngokwaso, basilinganisa nezakhi zikagesi ezijwayelekile, futhi benze ngokususelwa ekucabangeni nakwisipiliyoni, babeke izingozi ezifihliwe zamaphutha nezingozi.
Ngokuya ngebhukwana lomsebenzisi lesiguquli sefrikhwensi, ikhebula elixhunywe kumotho kufanele kube ikhebula elivikelwe noma ikhebula le-armored, okungcono kakhulu elibekwe eshubhu lensimbi. Iziphetho zekhebula elisikiwe kufanele zibe zinhle ngangokunokwenzeka, izingxenye ezingavinjiwe kufanele zibe zifushane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ubude bekhebula akufanele budlule ibanga elithile (ngokuvamile lingama-50m). Uma ibanga lezintambo phakathi kwesiguquli semvamisa kanye nenjini lilide, ukuvuza okuphezulu kwe-harmonic kusuka kukhebula kuzoba nemiphumela emibi kusiguquli semvamisa kanye nemishini ezungezile. Intambo yaphansi ebuyisiwe isuka kumotho elawulwa isiguquli sefrikhwensi kufanele ixhunywe ngokuqondile kutheminali yaphansi ehambisanayo yesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Intambo yaphansi yesiguquli se-frequency akufanele yabiwe nemishini yokushisela kanye nemishini yamandla, futhi kufanele ibe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuvuza kwamanje okukhiqizwa isiguquli sefrikhwensi, uma sikude kakhulu nendawo yaphansi, amandla etheminali yaphansi ngeke azinze. Ubuncane bendawo ephambanayo yentambo yaphansi yesiguquli sefrikhwensi kufanele ibe nkulu noma ilingane nendawo ephambanayo yentambo yokuphakela amandla. Ukuvimbela ukungasebenzi kahle okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka, izintambo zokulawula kufanele zisebenzise izintambo ezivikelwe ezisontekile noma izintambo ezinezivikelo eziphindwe kabili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qaphela ukuthi ungathinti ikhebula lenethiwekhi elivikelwe ngeminye imigqa yesignali kanye nama-casings wemishini, bese uyisonga nge-tape yokuvikela. Ukuze ugweme ukuthintwa umsindo, ubude bekhebula lokulawula akufanele budlule ku-50m. Intambo yokulawula kanye nekhebula lemoto kufanele kubekwe ngokuhlukana, kusetshenziswa amathreyi ekhebula ahlukene, futhi kugcinwe kude ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho lezi ezimbili kufanele ziwele, kufanele ziwele zibheke phezulu. Ungalokothi uwafake epayipini elifanayo noma ethreyini yekhebula. Kodwa-ke, abanye abasebenzisi abazange balandele ngokuqinile lezi zidingo ezingenhla lapho bebeka izintambo, okuholele ekutheni okokusebenza kusebenze ngokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokulungisa iphutha ngakunye kodwa kubangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okuvamile, okuwenza ukuthi angakwazi ukusebenza.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele futhi kuthathwe ekugcinweni kwansuku zonke kwama-frequency converters. Abanye abasebenza ngogesi bavula ngokushesha isiguquli ukuze silungiswe ngokushesha nje lapho bebona iphutha bese beyikhuba. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungase kubangele izingozi zomuntu siqu zikagesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngisho noma isiguquli sefrikhwensi singasebenzi noma ukunikezwa kwamandla kunqanyuliwe, kungase kube khona i-voltage kulayini wokufaka wamandla, isiphetho se-DC, nesiphetho semoto yesiguquli sefrikhwensi ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-capacitor. Ngemuva kokunqamula ukuxhuma, kuyadingeka ukulinda imizuzu embalwa ukuze isiguquli semvamisa siphume ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuqala ukusebenza. Abanye ochwepheshe bakagesi bajwayele ukwenza ngokushesha izivivinyo zokuvala intuthu eshayelwa i-variable frequency drive system besebenzisa itafula elinyakazayo lapho bebona ukuthi uhlelo luyakhubeka, ukuze kutholwe ukuthi injini ishile yini. Lokhu futhi kuyingozi kakhulu, njengoba kungabangela kalula ukuthi isiguquli semvamisa sishise. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokunqamula ikhebula phakathi kwenjini kanye nesiguquli sefrikhwensi, ukuhlolwa kwe-insulation akumele kwenziwe kumotho, noma kukhebula esivele ixhunywe kusiguquli sefrikhwensi.
Ukunaka okukhethekile kufanele futhi kukhokhwe lapho kulinganiswa imingcele yokuphuma kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphuma kwesiguquli se-frequency kuyi-waveform ye-PWM equkethe ama-harmonics we-oda eliphezulu, futhi i-torque ye-motor incike kakhulu enanini elisebenzayo le-voltage eyisisekelo, lapho kulinganiswa i-voltage ephumayo, inani le-voltage eyisisekelo likalwa ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa i-voltmeter yokulungisa kabusha. Imiphumela yokulinganisa iseduze kakhulu naleyo elinganiswa ngohlaziyo lwe-digital spectrum futhi inobudlelwano obuhle kakhulu bomugqa nemvamisa yokuphumayo yesiguquli sefrikhwensi. Uma kudingeka ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kokunemba kokulinganisa, isihlungi se-resissive capacitive singasetshenziswa. Ama-multimeter edijithali ajwayele ukuphazamiseka futhi anamaphutha abalulekile okulinganisa. Amandla okukhiphayo adinga ukukala inani elisebenzayo eliphelele elihlanganisa igagasi eliyisisekelo namanye ama-harmonics ane-oda eliphezulu, ngakho ithuluzi elivame ukusetshenziswa yi-ammeter yekhoyili ehambayo (lapho injini ilayishwa, umehluko phakathi kwevelu esebenzayo eyisisekelo yamanje kanye nenani elisebenzayo eliphelele lamanje alibaluleki). Uma ucabangela ukunethezeka kokulinganisa nokusebenzisa i-transformer yamanje, i-transformer yamanje ingase igcwale ngamaza aphansi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukhetha i-transformer yamanje yomthamo ofanele.